dangerous if someone with a heart attack have pain in their arm‚ and they might not recognize what is happening to them. 2. Why olfaction and gustation are considered “chemical” special senses? Both olfaction and gustation are chemosensory systems. Chemoreception means a molecule from the environment binds to a receptor on a cell’s surface. The receptor is shaped to receive and then respond when a specific type of molecule binds. This binding triggers a signal with the information about
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Neurogenic Shock Neurogenic shock is a type of shock that is caused by a spinal cord injury that affects important nerves in the nervous system. Injury to the nervous system causes the walls of blood vessels to relax‚ which increases the blood pressure. Neurogenic shock mainly affects the spinal cord. The spinal cord consists of nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Neurogenic shock occurs when a spinal cord injury happens‚ particularly involving
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Sample ‘short answer’ questions for Lecture Exam 4 (Final Exam) (1) Briefly describe the meninges and spaces that surround the spinal cord. Meningeal Branch: Tiny‚ reenters vertebral canal‚ innervates meninges and blood vessels (2) Distinguish among exteroceptors‚ interoceptors and proprioceptors. Exteroceptors: Respond to stimuli arising outside body Receptors in the skin for touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ and temperature Most special sense organs (vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ smell) Interoceptors:
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A Better Understanding: Neurochemistry of Addiction To better understand the fundamentals of neurochemistry‚ a good start is at the brain. The brain makes up the central nervous system and is connected to the whole nervous system that runs through the whole body. The central nervous system receives sensory information and controls the body’s response. For example‚ a pot on a stove would be extremely hot on the hands when the stove is on and would damage the skin. This sensory information is sent
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Genetic factors: Pain is a complex human trait sculpted by multiple biologic and psychologic systems‚ each of which involves the influence of numerous proteins throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems‚ whose effects can be substantially affected by environmental exposures. Therefore‚ it is inevitable that multiple genes‚ each with a small individual effect‚ interact among themselves and with a variety of environmental factors‚ to influence pain sensitivity and the expression of chronic
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What is psychology? The scientific study of behaviour and the physiological and mental processes that underlie such behaviour. A profession that applies the findings of psychological research to real world problems Wilhelm Wundt First psychology lab in 1879 Main focus was on consciousness Many students established research labs in North America and Germany. G. Stanley Hall Student of Wundt for a brief time Growth of psychology in North America Structuralism Edward TitchenerTo identify
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Ivan Pavlov A Man and His Dogs Many students who eat a hearty breakfast and do not feel hungry as lunchtime rolls around find themselves rushing to the lunchroom with a ravenous appetite as soon as the bell rings. A typical conditioned response‚ just as Pavlov’s famous dogs did many years ago. Nobel Prize winning physiologist‚ Ivan Pavlov‚ first identified this psychological/physiological phenomenon in the late nineteenth century. Since then‚ the term “Pavlovian Response” has become synonymous
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The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are part of the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls the functions which are automatic or those which are not voluntary (Ciccarelli‚ & White‚ 2015). This includes organs‚ glands‚ and all of the involuntary muscles which are body consists of. The sympathetic division runs along the middle of the spin from the beginning of the ribcage all the way down to the waist area. A more common name for the sympathetic division is the “fight-or-flight”
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which are needed to live. Some of those elements are calcium‚ phosphorus‚ potassium‚ sulfur‚ sodium‚ magnesium‚ and many more. In the circulatory system‚ two elements that are critical to the circulatory system are iron and oxygen‚ without these two elements it would be impossible for the system to function. The circulatory system is an organ system that permits blood and lymph circulation to transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes)‚ oxygen‚ carbon dioxide‚ hormones‚ blood cells
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Parasympathetic Dominants often use sleep to overcome energy losses following periods of sustained alertness. The Autonomic Nervous System • The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for functions that require focus and decision making. It’s the branch that speeds up when you need to go fast. It goes into high gear when an emergency situation requires quick thinking and reflexes‚ spurts of energy‚ hyper vigilance‚ and rapid heart rate - a need to “fight or flee fast”
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