of MPTP dramatically accelerates this process in the course of days and not years (Hanson et al.‚ 2015). Additionally consumption results in a reduction of glutathione content (Sian et al.‚ 1999). What have been good and bad consequences of the synthesis of MPTP? MPTP negatively affects the body by penetrating the blood-brain barrier and entering the brain cells. MPTP is not toxic‚ however when it oxidizes it forms MPP+ which is toxic. Toxic oxidation later reaches the extracellular fluid and
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product) x 100 Eq 4 = (0.127 g/0.188 g) x 100 = 66% recovery Theoretical Yield Benzilic Acid: Eq 5 Theoretical Yield Benzilic Acid | 0.109 g | Final Benzilic Acid | 0.060g | Percent Yield | 55% | Table 2: Final weight and percent yield of benzilic acid | Degrees Celsius | Crude Benzil | 82.5 – 85.6 | Final Benzil | 94.2 | Final Benzilic Acid | 148.3 | Table 3: Melting Points Wavenumbers (cm-1) | Functional groups | 1593 | Aromatic | 3065 |
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nitrogens on this station. Both of these methods rely on the repulsive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged axial component and the post-switching cationic nature of the benzidine station (Figure 5.4). Deuterated trifluoroacetic acid (d-TFA) was added in the solution which resulted in the protonation of the benzidine residue and shuttling of macrocycle in to the biphenol station of the Rotaxane. This was supported by NOESY 1H NMR that showed a shift in the peaks in retrospect to
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Experiment 13: Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane An SN2 Reaction Experiment #13: Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane an SN2 Reaction Introduction: In order to synthesize 1-Bromobutane an alkyl halide must be present to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction of an alcohol. Since 1-butanol is a primary substrate it will undergo an SN2 reaction with sodium bromide in order to convert the alcohol group to water which is a better leaving group and will in the end produce 1-bromobutane. Experimentally
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10.1 CHARLES PERKINS AND THE FREEDOM RIDE CHARLES PERKINS Kumantjayi (Charles) Perkins was born in Alice Springs in 1936. His early education was at school in Adelaide. A skilled soccer player‚ Perkins played professional soccer in England from 1957 to 1960. Having turned down an offer to try out for Manchester United‚ he returned to Australia to coach a local Adelaide team. Here he became vice president of the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines. Perkins moved to Sydney in 1962
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Nitric Acid Nitric acid is an acid many people have come across in life. One may have felt nitric acid when touching fertilizers‚ or using dyes. Nitric acid appears in substances we never thing it would be used in. In fact‚ small contents of nitric is acid is found in raindrops that fall from the sky. Nitric acid‚ or known as NHO3aq is an acid formed from reaction of ammonia and oxygen. Nitric acid is a colourless acid when it’s pure‚ or can be found yellow or red. This acid can be very corrosive
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William Maxwell Evarts Perkins is recognized as the greatest American editor of fiction of the 1920’s. He was legendary in his lifetime for discovering and developing brilliant authors that have impacted the literary world of today. Maxwell Perkins a graduate from Harvard College in 1907 majored in economics and also studied under Charles Townsend Copeland‚ a famous literature teacher who helped prepare Perkins for his successful career in editing. Maxwell Perkins was a reporter for the New York
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Introduction The purpose of this lab is to synthesize Lidocaine from 2‚6-dimethylaniline‚ using diethyl amine‚ 2-chloroacetyl chloride‚ acetic acid‚ and toluene. The Lidocaine was made by adding 2‚6-dimethylaniline to 2-chloroacetyl chloride in acetic acid. Sodium acetate is added in order to make the compound soluble. The product is dried‚ then treated with diethyl amine and toluene. This is refluxed using a water-cooled reflux condenser. The vapor is condensed by the cold water as the compound
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structures and properties of amino acids know the groups of amino acid What are amino acids? Amino acids are molecules that when combined with each other proteins. Amino acids contain a central tetrahedral carbon atom (α-carbon) amine group‚ carboxyl group‚ R-side chain The R-side chain determines the different amino acids There are 20 common amino acids Amino acids can join via peptide bonds Several amino acids occur only rarely in proteins Some amino acids are not found in proteins 3D
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Cause and Effect on Acid Rain Introduction Beautifully crafted statues are now worn out or severely damaged‚ aquatic wildlife population are dying off‚ forests have lost the leaves that protect their trees and produce food‚ and the rates of lung diseases in humans are rising around the world. The cause of all of these problems can be linked back to acid rain. Most people don’t understand the concept or science behind acid rain. The common belief is that it’s a natural process‚ but it’s actually
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