Chapter 2 IB Biology 2.1 Cell Theory 2.1.1 Outline the cell theory (2). • All organisms are composed of one or more cells • Cells are the smallest units of life • All cells come from preexisting cells • TOK: cell theory replaces the former ideas of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis in which inanimate matter assembles itself into living forms • Exception: muscle cells- more than 1 nucleus‚ very long; (fungal cells) hyphae roots- not a single unit; protoctista- not specialized to single
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1a. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that have fourteen various structures however the most common form is that of a homotetramer. The homotetramer is often found in the membrane and composed of four aquaporin membranes. The structural arrangement creates a fifth channel in the middle that allows for gas transportation. 1b. The direction of H2O molecular flow through a channel is determined by an osmotic gradient. 1c. One of the mechanisms that prevents proton channeling is due to the (ar/R) and
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2.3 Results 2.3.1 The Effect of O. lybicus Population on Palms Temperature Over Time Temperature differences between different O. lybicus population levels were not significant in leaves and fronds (P > 0.05). However‚ high significance difference in temperature were occurred over time (P < 0.001) in both parts Figure 1 and 2. The temperature at the highest population (1000 insects) were the highest at the first three weeks‚ before it starts declining gradually (figures 14-15). Chlorophyll measurements
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Continental Temperature Ranges Introduction: There are large variations in average monthly temperatures among cities located at the same latitude. This suggests that factors besides the angle and duration of isolation affect the rate heating and cooling of any given location. Objective: You will graph the average monthly temperatures of costal and inland continental regions and interpret the range in temperatures. Vocabulary: Temperature range- Average daily temperature Average monthly
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advancement is cell-phones‚ which is one of the greatest development in technology. We have become dependent on mobiles phones and it seem like a high percentage of the population including elderly people‚ young adult and even kids under 18 have one of this devices. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages related to cell phones. In one hand there is the importance of being communicated for emergencies‚ business‚ social and personal purposes. On the other hand‚ the usage of cell phone had become
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Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. The purpose of this experiment is to reveal how a form of diffusion in a semipermeable membrane works by creating a real life simulation of a semipermeable plasma membrane. This is done by building an imitation of a caterpillar’s digestive tract using dialysis tubing and glassware. The first material in this experiment is a small beaker representing the head and crop of the caterpillar. This beaker is filled with both starch and the enzyme α-amylase. This
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CALIBRATION OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE SENSORS Mechanical Engineering Department Loyola Marymount University Los Angeles‚ California ABSTRACT In this laboratory experiment‚ an Omega Model PX- 236-060GV piezoresistive pressure transducer was calibrated‚ by using an AMTEK model deadweight pressure tester. For the temperature calibration an Jofra Model C-140 temperature calibrator was used. The experiment began by setting up the Jofra Model C-140 temperature calibrator‚ and taking data from
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Background Information: Cell Transport When molecules move from a high to low concentration it is called moving DOWN the concentration gradient. When molecules move from a low to high concentration it is called moving AGAINST the concentration gradient. When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system‚ the system is at EQUILIBRIUM. What kind of transport DOES NOT require energy? PASSIVE What kind of transport requires energy? ACTIVE Which CELL PART provides the energy for
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Cellulitis: Cellulitis is a common skin infection caused by bacteria. Causes Staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria are the most common causes of cellulitis. The skin normally has many types of bacteria living on it. When there is a break in the skin‚ however‚ bacteria can enter the body and cause infection and inflammation. The skin tissues in the infected area become red‚ hot‚ irritated‚ and painful. Risk factors for cellulitis include: • Cracks or peeling skin between the
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Cell Transportation Lab Eggs are a great example of a cell. Underneath the hard shell is a thin membrane that is just like the cell membranes in your cells. There are microscopic pores in the membrane that allow substances to move in and out of the cell. Way Cool! Recall that the function of the cell membrane is to control the internal balance of the cell. It helps to maintain homeostasis. In this lab you will use vinegar‚ an acid‚ to dissolve the shell off of the egg to expose the membrane
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