University The Adventure to Democracy In the midst of the prevalence of democratic transitions‚ a number of developing countries are seeking to achieve the successful consolidation of civil order in modern days. Among those participants‚ Mexico and Nigeria has been spotlighted for the completely contrastive endings at the end of their long-adventures towards democratization since their independence; Mexico‚ from its independence‚ has maintained the political stability despite the authoritarian single-party
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INCOME TAX NOTES Residential Status and Incidence of Tax According to Section 5 of the Income Tax Act the scope of total Income of an assessee depends on his residential status.On the basis of residential status assessee are classified under the following two categories: 1. Resident 2. Non-resident. As per as resident individuals and Hindu Undivided Families are concerned‚ they can be further divided into two categories: 1. Ordinarily Resident 2. Not ordinarily Resident. Residential
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Afghanistan’s state-building and reconstruction agenda. International experience suggests that the larger the tax gap (the difference between the taxes actually paid and what should be paid according to existing laws and statutes)‚ the more radical are the changes needed. With a tax gap on the order of 60%‚ Afghanistan needs to adopt a comprehensive strategy including revamping of the tax administration in order to obtain significant improvements in compliance. Based on the more detailed analysis
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There is a very clear distinction between tax avoidance and tax evasion from academic publications. Tax books have defined tax avoidance as “the lawful minimization of tax liability through sound financial planning techniques‚ while tax evasion is the “unlawful attempt to minimize tax liability through fraudulent techniques to circumvent or frustrate tax laws”. The consequences of either action are also clear. The former is not punishable by law while the latter is. However‚ the lines between evasion
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are again making history: for the past 15 years‚ we have been trying to reform the tax structure of imposing excise tax on tobacco and alcohol products. After 15 long years‚ we have finally succeeded.” “As the people’s servant‚ I shall personally ensure that this government shall implement the Sin Tax Reform Act of 2012 in a transparent and accountable manner starting Jan. 1‚ 2013‚” he said. Starting today‚ the tax on cigarettes packed by hand‚ which comprise the bulk of tobacco products sold in
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NCOME-TAX ACT‚ 1961* [43 OF 1961] [AS AMENDED BY FINANCE ACT‚ 2012] An Act to consolidate and amend the law relating to income-tax and super-tax BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India as follows :— CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY Short title‚ extent and commencement. 11. 2(1) This Act may be called the Income-tax Act‚ 1961. (2) It extends to the whole of India. (3) Save as otherwise provided in this Act‚ it shall come into force on the 1st day of April‚ 1962. Definitions
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The payment of the motor vehicle allowance – this allowance is generally made to cover the expected deductible costs associated with the business usage of the employees vehicle. This allowance is effectively assessable income to the employee in their tax return. (sec.15-2) Task 2: Mike’s taxable income for the year ended 30 June 2012 Taxable Income = (Assessable Income – Deductions) Assessable Income § Wages RMIT under sec.6-5 ITAA 1997
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Anthony Cunningham Microeconomics Mr. G. E. Fitzgerald October 17‚ 2012 Tax Elasticity and Tax Policy No matter what‚ taxes matter. People talk about them‚ complain about them‚ and try to dodge them when they can. Businesses also react to taxes‚ both in how they organize their activities and‚ perhaps‚ in where they carry them out. How people and businesses react in turn affects the level and structure of taxation. The purpose of taxation is to raise revenue to pay for public goods‚ but
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Rise and Demise of the Postwar Petroleum Order and the Contemporary Petroleum Order Post-1945‚ there emerged an international oil establishment named the postwar petroleum order. Before 1939‚ the output of petroleum in the Middle Eastern countries was not high and the region contributed only a marginal share to the world petroleum production. Before the postwar years‚ British Petroleum (BP) was the dominant player in the petroleum market however‚ after the war‚ five American companies broke BP’s
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4.1 Understand tax depreciation procedures and the effect of depreciation on the firm’s cash flows. 1) Depreciation deductions‚ like any other business expenses‚ reduce the income that a firm reports on its income statement. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Topic: Depreciation Learning Obj.: LG 1 Learning Outcome: F-02 Question Status: Previous Edition AACSB Tag: Analytic Skills 2) Non-cash charges are expenses that involve an actual outlay of cash during the period but are not deducted on the income
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