JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield spreads
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Strategic Analysis for Pfizer Incorporated Strategic Analysis Competition‚ typically the most powerful external force‚ is increased by the advent of globalization. The number of companies and the number of countries where these companies operate and the way governments are dealing with the impacts of globalization is accelerating. The interaction of changes in government policy and business innovation has actually made globalization even faster. If a company does not become a global‚ it would
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divisions that make work and labor occur more efficiently. Departmentalization is a method of subdividing work into separate organizational units that perform particular tasks. Pfizer uses product departmentalization in order to organize the company into separate units that produce particular products or services. Pfizer manages its operations through five divisions: Primary Care‚ Specialty Care and Oncology‚ Established Products and Emerging Markets‚ Animal Health and Consumer Healthcare‚ and Nutrition
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Task 5: Cost of Capital TIP: read your lecture‚ it has a link to an example of computing cost of capital!! http://www.expectationsinvesting.com/tutorial8.shtml AirJet Best Parts Inc. is now considering that the appropriate discount rate for the new machine should be the cost of capital and would like to determine it. You will assist in the process of obtaining this rate. 1. Compute the cost of debt. Assume AirJet Best Parts Inc. is considering issuing new bonds. Select current bonds from
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1. Bob’s Warehouse has a pre-tax cost of debt of 8.4 percent and an unlevered cost of capital of 14.6 percent. The firm’s tax rate is 37 percent and the cost of equity is 18 percent. What is the firm’s debt-equity ratio? | 0.76 | | 0.82 | | 0.79 | | 0.87 | | 0.72 | 2. Johnson Tire Distributors has an unlevered cost of capital of 11 percent‚ a tax rate of 34 percent‚ and expected earnings before interest and taxes of $1‚400. The company has $2‚700 in bonds
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T-4 Failure to identify and document cost estimating standards and provide written policies and procedures to persons responsible for preparing‚ supporting and reviewing cost estimates. T-10 Excessive reliance on individual personal judgement where historical experience or cost estimating standards are available. THREATS NEIGHBORHOOD SERVICES DEPARTMENT: T-6 Inadequate staff training in the preparation‚ review and approval of cost estimates. T-5 Inadequate staff training in the preparation
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INTRODUCTION OF PFIZER INC Pfizer‚ Inc. Type Public (NYSE: PFE) Founded Brooklyn‚ New York‚ USA (1849) Headquarters New York City‚ New York‚ USA Key people Jeff Kindler‚ CEO David Shedlarz‚ VC Ian Read‚ Pres. of Pharma. Martin Mackay‚ Pres. of R&D Industry Health Care Products Accupril® Lipitor® Viagra® Revenue ▲$48.613 billion USD (2007) Net income ▲$8.298 billion USD (2007) Employees 106‚000 (2005) Slogan Working for a healthier world™ Website www
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1974‚ pp. 48-54 Stancu‚ S.‚ Predescu‚ M.O.‚ „The Choice of an Optimal Portfolio on the Romanian Capital Market under Uncertainty and Risk Terms‚ in the Actual Era of E-Business”‚ The Proceedings of the ninth international conference on informatics in economy‚ Bucharest‚ Romanian‚ 2009‚ pp. 206-211 Stancu‚ S.‚ Predescu‚ M.O.‚ „Genetic Algorithm for the Portfolio Selection Problem on the Romanian Capital Market”‚ Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering an Meta-Engineering‚ Orlando‚ USA
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Overview This case study focuses on where financial theory ends and practical application of the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) begins. It presents evidence on how some of the most financially complex companies and financial advisors estimated capital costs and focuses on the gaps found between theory and application. The approach taken in the paper differed from their predecessors in several various respects. Prior published information was solely based on written‚ closed-end surveys sent
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IMPACT OF LIPITOR PATENT EXPIRY ON PFIZER. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO Executive Summary 3 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 What is Lipitor 5 1.3Expiry of Lipitor patent 5-6 CHAPTER 2: CHALLENGERS 2.1 Challengers 6 2.2 Pfizer’s strategies 7 CHAPTER 3:FINANCIAL IMPACT ON PFIZER AS LIPITOR GOES GENERIC 8-9 Recommendations 10 Conclusion 11 Executive summary: This
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