Infrared absorption data 8. 2-amino acids (α-amino acids) 8–9 9. Formulas of some fatty acids 10 NMR data NMR data 5–6 7 7 10. Structural formulas of some important biomolecules 10 11. Acid-base indicators 11 12. Acidity constants‚ Ka‚ of some weak acids 11 13. Values of molar enthalpy of combustion of some common fuels at 298 K and 101.3 kPa 11 Beryllium Magnesium 12 Mg 24.3 11 Na 23.0 4 Be 9.0 Lithium
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Apparatus: Safety spectacles Weighing bottle Balance capable of weighing to within 0.01g Spatula Stirring rod with rubber end Dropping pipette Wash bottle of distilled water Funnel Volumetric flask‚ 250 cm3 Beaker‚ 250 cm3 Retort stand Burette clamp Burette‚ 50cm3 Pipette‚ 25cm3 Pipette filler Beaker‚ 100cm3 White tile Conical flask‚ 250cm3 Reagents used: Distilled Water Hydrated Sodium Borate 1.0 M Hydrochloric acid Screened methyl orange Sodium Borate solution
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concentration of an unknown solution by reacting a strong acid with a strong base. Titrations are hard to accomplish‚ though‚ due to the fact that indicators used to show the endpoints are very sensitive and one drop could make the solution titrate past its endpoint. Blue stock solution: 3 mg/L Yellow stock solution: 35 mg/L Phenolphthalein is the indicator used (6 drops per titration) Molarity of NaOH used: .05056 M Start with 25 mL green Kool Aid Dillution factor: 100mL/25mL green Kool Aid= 4
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flask and add about one spatula of solid calcium hydroxide. Stopper the flask and shake well for one minute. Leave to stand for at least 24 hours. Titrate 10cm3 samples against 0.05 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid solution using methyl orange as an indicator. Obtain enough results to calculate an accurate average‚ and then calculate the number of moles of calcium hydroxide solution in 1 dm3 of solution. RAW DATA Titration number | Final volume Ca(OH)2 (cm3) ±0.1ml | Initial volume Ca(OH)2 (cm3)
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Flask #1 7.8 Dark pink‚ fast change Flask #2 7.85 Light pink‚ fast change Flask #3 7.9 Light pink‚ slow change Mean Volume NaOH: 7.85 mL SD: 0.05 RSD: 0.64% Standardization of 0.1M NaOH Quantity of KHP added to 100mL H20‚ Phenolphthalein indicator then titrated
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Glass rod 12. Filter funnel 13. Beaker (80cm3) 14. Beaker (250cm3) 15. KA1 (monobasic acid‚ HX) 16. Methyl orange as indicator 17. Solid sodium carbonate 18. Distilled water Theory: To determine the exact concentration of a monobasic acid‚ HX‚a standard base solution is prepared. Then‚ a certain amount of standard base
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use methyl orange and phenolphthalein as indicators to determine accurately the end of an acid-base titration. 2. To present titration data correctly. Observations: Table of Results Showing The Amount Of 0.12 Mol/dm3 Hydrochloric Acid Required to Neutralise 25cm3 Of Sodium Carbonate of an unknown Concentration Using Methyl Orange Indicator. Pipette Solution | Sodium Carbonate | Mol/dm3 | Burette Solution | Hydrochloric Acid | 0.12Mol/dm3 | Indicator | Methyl Orange | | | | Trial 1 | Trial
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1:1 titration. One mole of base will titrate one mole of acid. The endpoint of the titration will be determined by an indicator‚ phenolphthalein. Phenolphthalein is a weaker acid than KHP. It is colorless under acidic conditions and changes to a pink color under basic conditions. Therefore‚ the first persistent presence of color indicates that it is beginning to titrate the indicator and have reached the endpoint; if the solution changes to a dark pink color‚ the solution has overshot the endpoint
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wire loop * Cultured colony of organism * Purity plate Principle TSI agar detects fermentation of glucose 0.1%‚ lactose 1% and sucrose 1%‚ production of H2S‚ and gas formation. The medium contains ferric ammonium citrate‚ and phenol red indicator Procedure * Take half of an isolated colony and stab the butt of the agar and make streaks on the slant. * Close the agar using a cotton wool plug. * Take the other half of the organism and make a purity plate‚ incubate the two agars
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10 (a) State TWO respiratory diseases that may be caused by exposure to asbestos. (2) (b) Identify where asbestos is likely to be encountered in a building during renovation work. (6) 6 (a) Define the term `target organ’ within the context of occupational health. (2) (b) Outline the personal hygiene practices that should be followed to reduce the risk of ingestion of a hazardous substance. (6) 3 (a) Explain the meaning of the term `dilution ventilation’. (2) (b)
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