juice‚ and soft drinks? What are common among liquid sosa (drain cleaners)‚ soaps‚ and detergents? Which among these are called acids? Which are classified as bases? In this module‚ you will investigate the properties of acids and bases using an indicator‚ a dye that changes into a specific color depending on whether it is placed in an acid solution or in a basic one. Aside from knowing the uses of acids and bases‚ you will also find out the action of acids on metals and think of ways to reduce the
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The acid-base titration curves help to find the pKa‚ Ka‚ and pH at equivalent point. At the beginning pH for HCl is 1.90 which is lower than the 3.28 for acetic acid; thus‚ strong acid (HCl) means lower pH and weak acid (acetic acid) means higher pH. Then at the equivalent point for the titration HCl-NaOH the pH is 7‚ which mans that is neutral‚ in other words there are enough NaOH mmol to neutralize the HCl mmol present; also‚ the solution contains only water and NaCl the salt derived from the titration
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Introduction The pH‚ or the concentration of the hydrogen plus ion [H+]‚ is one of the most critical parameters in predicting if a system will corrode‚ or determining why a system is corroding. PH is defined as the negative log base 10 of the hydrogen plus ion concentration in the units of moles per litre. Procedure pH MEASUREMENT OF UNKNOWN SOLUTIONS Obtain the following apparatus from the equipment menu: 100 mL beaker general purpose thermometer in oC pH meter Obtain a
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BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES 1. The Bronsted-Lowry definition There are many definitions of acids and bases in existence‚ but the most useful one is the Bronsted-Lowry definition: An acid is a substance which can behave as a proton (re presented as a hydrogen ion‚ H+) donor. Any substance which contains hydrogen bonded to a more electronegative element can thus behave as an acid: HCl == H+ + Cl- H2SO4 == H+ + HSO4- A base is a substance which can behave as a proton acceptor. Any
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several ways to classify substances. One way is based on their pH. Substances may be * Acid 2. Base 3. Neutral INDICATORS This is a substance which is one color in and acid and another color in a base. Indicators can ten be used to test for the presence of acids or bases in a substance. Some are available in paper form (litmus) and others in liquid form (methyl orange). INDICATOR | COLOR IN ACID | COLOR IN BASE | LITMUS
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stoichiometric amount of base (or acid) has been added to the acid (or the base). The end-point is frequently detected using a visual indicator. An acid – base indicator is a substance‚ which changes colour with pH. For each type of acid – base titration an appropriate indicator must be chosen. See table 1‚ below. However‚ the end-point can also be determined potentiometrically using a pH meter or by a conductometric method. At this point‚ all the acid has been neutralised and neither excess base nor excess acid
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concentration of the unknown. Often‚ an indicator is used to usually signal the end of the reaction‚ the endpoint. Concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Molarity is a concentration unit‚ defined to be the number of moles of solute divided by the number of litres of solution. An acid has a pH of less than 7 and can range in colour from a weak acid of light green through to dark red for a strong acid according to the pH scale. Acids generally taste sour
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This study hypothesised that‚ if the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test is reliable‚ then the teachers of Liverpool High School should receive ENFJ as their personality type. The personality types being considered must be defined utilizing the official Myers-Briggs organization’s’ website. Each type contains four letters and there are sixteen possible types. The first letter signifies whether the individual is Introverted (I) or Extraverted (E). The second letter indicates whether one demonstrates
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stronger and acidic if the acid is stronger. If both are of equal strength‚ then the equivalence pH will be neutral. However‚ weak acids are not often titrated against weak bases because the colour change shown with the indicator is often quick‚ and therefore very difficult for the observer to see the change of colour. The point at which the indicator changes colour is called the end point. A suitable indicator should be chosen‚ preferably one that will experience a change in colour (an end point) close
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ACIDS 1. Acids are chemicals which will turn litmus paper red. Litmus is a colored Chemical which can change from red to blue and back again. Which colour it is Depends upon the concentration of Hydrogen ions. If the concentration of Hydrogen ion is higher than it is in pure water then the litmus will turn red. If it is lower than in pure water the litmus will turn blue. 2. An acid is a substance that turns blue litmus paper red acids can‚ be identified due to specific
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