A dispensing mechanism ousted the formal legal system: Public Interest litigation Public interest litigation is a concept of recent origin evolved by the supreme court on the plinth of equal justice by giving liberal interpretation to the long standing rigid concept of locus standi. The supreme court advocated for social justice for the poor by the way of public interest litigation and court devised the new tool for mitigating the suffering of poor people. Article 39A of the constitution mandates
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WHAT THEY DO: Accountants and auditors examine financial statements for accuracy and conformance with laws. Accountants and auditors prepare and examine financial records. They ensure that financial records are accurate and that taxes are paid properly and on time. Accountants and auditors assess financial operations and work to help ensure that organizations run efficiently. Duties Accountants and auditors typically do the following: • Examine financial statements to be sure that they are
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Motives for the cheats The motives for fraud are clear‚ it’s a financial crime. People can not pay the bills. They figure stealing from an insurance company which is big and greedy is no great moral wrong and no one will miss the money. However‚ even if the company is big and greedy it is still wrong. How people get caught by an insurance company Fraud units at insurance companies are experts. But the reason people get caught are for obvious reason. People make stupid mistakes. However‚ as a word
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Fraud Examination Executive Summary: Miniscribe By Samantha Altieri‚ Zac Biesiada‚ Dan Cohen‚ and Tim Foley BACC 552 Miniscribe was a computer disk drive manufacturing company that was founded in 1981 by Terry Johnson. The company was initially run out of basement of Mr. Johnson’s home in Longmont‚ Colorado. Shortly after becoming a publicly traded company in 1983‚ Miniscribe began to experience financial losses. (United States v. Patrick J. Schleibaum) In 1985 the venture capital firm
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Current Liabilities and Payroll Accounting ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE Brief Exercises 1 A Problems 1A B Problems 1B Study Objectives 1. Explain a current liability‚ and identify the major types of current liabilities. 2. Describe the accounting for notes payable. 3. Explain the accounting for other current liabilities. 4. Explain the financial statement presentation and analysis of current liabilities. 5. Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for contingent liabilities. 6. Compute
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significant breach of accounting ethics to an accountant because it does not encompass direct operation of numbers or records. This is specifically why an accountant must remain ethically cautious to circumvent falling into such a trap. Accountants need to be educated on what forms of financial statements frauds can be committed and ways to prevent financial statement fraud. A strong system of internal controls helps companies deter employees from committing fraud. Financial Statement Fraud Categories Financial
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the firm should have carried out in determining whether it should accept the appointment as auditors to Gramjon Limited. The most general definition of an audit is an evaluation of a person‚ organization‚ system‚ process‚ project or product. Audits are performed to ascertain the validity and reliability of information‚ and also provide an assessment of a system ’s internal control. (Wikipedia‚ 2009) Auditors have to do a lot of research on a firm before accepting an appointment. The main matters they
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Waste Management Accounting Fraud Case Review the SEC’s case against Waste Management in order to answer the following questions: What were the incentives for committing the fraud? What was the relationship between management and the auditors? Why didn’t the auditors prevent the fraud? What (specifically) accounting methods were used to fraudulently inflate Waste Management’s profits? What accounting methods did they use to try to conceal part of the fraud? What were the financial and social
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A Framework for Auditor Independence The ISB lays a foundation for future guidance. By Susan McGrath‚ Arthur Siegel‚ Thomas W. Dunfee‚ Alan S. Glazer and Henry R. Jaenicke January 2001 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE INDEPENDENCE STANDARDS BOARD issued an exposure draft for a conceptual framework for auditor independence containing the concepts and basic principles that will guide the board in its future standard setting. THE NEED FOR A FRAMEWORK AROSE FROM the jumble of confusing independence rules
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CHAPTER - 1 INSURANCE 1.1 Introduction In law and economics‚ insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent‚ uncertain loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss‚ from one entity to another‚ in exchange for payment. An insurer is a company selling the insurance; an insured‚ or policyholder‚ is the person or entity buying the insurance policy. The insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount to be charged
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