Civil Liability Civil Liability can be a problem for almost everyone in ever day life. Civil Liability impacts police officer ever day in their lives and at work. It can be defined as a citizen’s responsibility to each other and provided law suits to recover damages for injured caused by failing to carry out these responsibilities. It also very well can impact more than only police officers but anyone put in the situation to deal with the rights of people. Police Officers must always be aware
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Accounting Fraud‚ the Investor and the Sarbanes Oxley Act Throughout the past several years major corporate scandals have rocked the economy and hurt investor confidence. The largest bankruptcies in history have resulted from greedy executives that “cook the books” to gain the numbers they want. These scandals typically involve complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds‚ overstating revenues‚ understating expenses‚ overstating the value of assets or underreporting of liabilities‚ sometimes
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Internal audit’s role in modern corporate governance Thought leadership series Risk and Advisory Services Internal audit’s role in modern corporate governance Recent events have highlighted the critical role of boards of directors in promoting good corporate governance. In particular‚ boards are being charged with ultimate responsibility for the effectiveness of their organisations’ internal control systems. An effective internal audit function plays a key role in assisting the board
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of Committing Fraud: Position Equals Power The amount of money lost to an internal corporate fraud is most significantly influenced by the perpetrator’s position in the organization. When we look at various characteristics of those committing fraud‚ this makes sense‚ because access creates opportunity. Typically‚ the higher a person moves in a company‚ the greater access she or he is granted to information‚ assets‚ data‚ and people. That creates more opportunities to commit fraud. Men and women
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Products Liability 1. Construct a fact pattern [an example] to clearly delineate: a. A Manufacturing Defect: A car’s braking system that does not work properly and causes the driver to get into an accident. b. A Design Defect: A type of sunglasses that fail to protect the eyes from ultraviolet rays. c. A Marketing Defect: Prescription drugs advertised as “virtually non-toxic‚” “safe‚” and “free of significant side effects” when they are not. They failed to state
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Introduction Independence is a fundamental to the reliability of auditors’ reports. It is an attitude of mind characterized by integrity and an objective approach to professional works. A professional auditor should work both independent and seen to be so. Nowadays‚ but‚ the trend of providing non-audit services to audit clients seem to be sweeping accounting firms all over the world; impacts of independence impairment caused by this trend should not be ignored. The Meaning of Independence The
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Proactive Fraud Auditing End of Chapter 4 in Albrecht FRAUD DETECTION Recognizing the Symptoms of Fraud Identify Risk Exposures Proactively Look for Symptoms & Exposures 1 2 Actg 537 Identify Fraud Symptoms for Each Exposure 3 4 Investigate Identified Symptoms Symptoms of Fraud What are some irregularities in source documents to look for? Missing Documents Payee Names & Addresses = Employee “Stale Items” on Bank Items” Reconciliation Excessive Voids or Credits
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Public Interest Litigation (PIL) PIL in broad terms means litigation filed in a court of law for the protection of “Public Interest” on the wide variety of subjects concerning citizens. The history: Public Interest Litigation popularly known as PIL can be broadly defined as litigation in the interest of that nebulous entity: the public in general. Prior to 1980s‚ only the aggrieved party could personally knock the doors of justice and seek remedy for his grievance and any other person who
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Tempts More Firms‚ Fools More Auditors A Quick Way to Pad Profits‚ It Is Often Revealed Only When Concern Collapses A Barrel Full of Sweepings By LEE BERTON Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL December 14‚ 1992 Why do so many accountants fail to warn the public that the companies they audit are on the verge of collapse? Increasingly‚ experts are blaming inventory fraud. "When companies are desperate to stay afloat‚ inventory fraud is the easiest way to produce instant
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A dispensing mechanism ousted the formal legal system: Public Interest litigation Public interest litigation is a concept of recent origin evolved by the supreme court on the plinth of equal justice by giving liberal interpretation to the long standing rigid concept of locus standi. The supreme court advocated for social justice for the poor by the way of public interest litigation and court devised the new tool for mitigating the suffering of poor people. Article 39A of the constitution mandates
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