REVIEW Neuropsychopharmacology REVIEWS (2009) 34‚ 159–172 & 2009 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0893-133X/09 $30.00 ............................................................................................................................................................... www.neuropsychopharmacology.org 159 Pharmacogenomics: The Promise of Personalized Medicine for CNS Disorders
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Biopharmaceutics‚ 1451 Rockville Pike‚ HFD-860‚ Room 2040‚ Rockville‚ MD 20852‚ USA Keywords: customized medication‚ gene–drug interaction‚ genetic personalization‚ individualized treatment‚ mechanism-based therapeutics‚ personalized medicine‚ pharmacogenetics‚ pharmacogenomics‚ tailored dosage‚ targeted therapy The goal of personalized medicine is to maximize the likelihood of therapeutic efficacy and to minimize the risk of drug toxicity for an individual patient. One of the major contributors to
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Interested in European research? RTD info is our quarterly magazine keeping you in touch with main developments (results‚ programmes‚ events‚ etc.). It is available in English‚ French and German. A free sample copy or free subscription can be obtained from: European Commission Directorate-General for Research Information and Communication Unit B-1049 Brussels Fax (32-2) 29-58220 E-mail: research@cec.eu.int Internet: http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/rtdinfo/index_en.html EUROPEAN COMMISSION
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procedure. Since the symptoms of this patient are identical to symptoms of malignant hyperthermia‚ the leading diagnosis of this patient is malignant hyperthermia‚ a pharmacogenetic disorder that involves hyperthermia‚ tachycardia‚ and hypermetabolic reactions of skeletal muscles after exposure to general anesthesia.1 As a pharmacogenetic disorder‚ malignant hyperthermia is caused by genetic mutations that can cause individuals to have abnormal response to anesthetics and is inheritable since patients
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Kay 1 Amy Kay Professor Robinson Medical Terminology October 12‚ 2005 Malignant Hyperthermia Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a pharmacogenetic disease of skeletal muscle. Characteristically patients with this disease have no signs or symptoms except during an anesthetic. When exposed to inhalational anesthetics (those which are gases)‚ muscle metabolism increases‚ and a series of signs and symptoms appear‚ which if left untreated can lead to death. The
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in history to include pharmacogenomic instructions on its label. Mayo clinic was one of the founding centers in this field. Prior to the completion of the federally-funded Human Genome Project in 2001‚ the field was usually referred to as "pharmacogenetics"a word coined in the 1950s. The term "pharmacogenomics" reflects the new knowledge base created by the Human Genome Project. The project deciphered the gene sequences of the genome - the entire human genetic complement that contains an estimated
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Patient Information: Patient: Sue Li Age: 20 Ethnicity: Asian American (a) What cultural considerations are important for you to remember while you interview Ms. Li? When conducting the interview and asking about pain‚ depression‚ abuse‚ etc…‚ keep in mind that culturally‚ Asian Americans are generally stoic and tend to hide depression‚ pain‚ and mental illness. Therefore‚ watching for signs and body language as well as affect will be the better way to go than just asking. Be sure to ask about traditional
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Introduction Fluorouracil is a pyrimidine simple and is utilized as a part of malignancy treatment. It is a suicide inhibitor and works through irreversible restraint of thymidylate synthase. It fits in with the group of medications which is known as the antimetabolites 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a cytotoxic medication. It hinders the creation of pyrimidine. They are utilized as a part of the treatment of a few diseases‚ for example‚ head and neck tumor (squamous cell carcinoma)‚ nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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Bioremediation basics and phytoremediation defined. Types of aquatic biotechnology Regulatory Biotech: 3 agencies and their roles HGP: what it was and when it was completed SNPs defined and how they can be useful in medicine. Pharmacogenomics/pharmacogenetics defined. Gene Therapy defined‚ basics on how it is performed and current status. Compare Embryonic and Adult (somatic) stem cells (just the basics) ELSI: what it stands for and what it focuses on (be able to describe one area of focus) Know
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Atazanavir (ATV) boosted with low dose of ritonavir (rit) is a Protease Inhibitor used as part of alternative antiretroviral regimen in drug-naïve PLWHIV according to numerous national and regional guidelines‚ hence for almost a decade was used as part of first line / preferred / recommended regimen3. More than half of patients on atazanavir experience elevated bilirubin levels‚ which can reach grade 3-4 in approximately one third of all cases4. In ACTG 5237‚ 8% of the patients discontinued ATV due
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