region of high concentration (of water molecules) to a region of lower concentration (of water molecules). We define 3 types of solutions based upon osmotic activity. In an isotonic solution‚ the solute concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane so there is no net movement of water. ( See Figure 1) In a hypotonic solution‚ solute concentration is higher inside the cell than outside. So water moves from a high concentration outside the cell to a lower concentration
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Andrew Dickson Background When a plant cell is bathed in a solution of the same concentration (isotonic) as its intracellular environment‚ its mass and volume remain the same. This is because water enters and leaves the cells at the same rate. There is no net loss or gain of water by osmosis. Samples of cells can be placed in a range of solutions of different concentration. The cells will gain water by osmosis when placed in solutions which are more dilute (hypotonic) than the intracellular environment
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Experiment 1: Mixtures Aim: To develop an understanding of different types of mixtures including solutions and examine the different solubilities of some solutes and two solvents: water and ethanol Equipment Bunsen burner Tripod Gauze mat Beakers (2 x 100mL) Boiling chips Distilled water Sodium chloride Sodium chloride (solid) Glass rod Measuring cylinder (25mL) Ethanol Watch glass Thermometer 100% Orange Juice 100% Apple Juice 100% Prune Juice Solder Fruit Scone Charcoal Copper(II) Chloride Magnifying
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(p-tert-butylphenol)‚ and a neutral compound (acetanilide). Extraction is the process of selectively dissolving one or more of the compounds of a mixture into an appropriate solvent‚ the solution that contains these dissolved compounds is called an extract (Manion‚ 2004). Impurities that are present in the solution can be removed by extracting them from the original solvent into another solvent. This is done by mixing two immiscible (insoluble to one another) solvents (Manion‚ 2004). By mixing
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consists of two steps: (1) thoroughly mixing the solution with saturated aqueous sodium chloride (saturated salt solution) and discarding the aqueous layer (this is a preliminary drying step that removes most of the water) and (2)‚ adding a solid inorganic drying agent (this strongly binds to the remaining traces of water dissolved in the organic solvent)‚ allowing it to remain in contact with the solution for several minutes‚ then separating the solution from the solid drying agent. The solvent can
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current through a salt solution and measuring the resultant amperage‚ a pattern in the recordings will help find a soil sample’s salinity level. Variables Controlled Amount of solution (100 mL)‚ supplied voltage (4V)‚ amount of soil (50 gm) & water (150 mL) in soil sample’s solution. Independent Amps recorded by ammeter. Uncontrollable Impurities dissolved into water. Materials Power pack; copper electrodes; ammeter; 8 different concentrations of salt solution (NaCl) 0.1‚ 0.5‚ 1‚
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Spring Practice Final 2011 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The volume of a gas is 400.0 mL when the pressure is 1.00 atm. At the same temperature‚ what is the pressure at which the volume of the gas is 2.0 L? a. | 0.5 atm | c. | 0.20 atm | b. | 5.0 atm | d. | 800 atm | ____ 2. The pressure of a sample of helium is 2.0 atm in a 200-mL container. If the container is compressed to 10 mL without changing
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Chemistry 121 Experiment 19 Molar Mass Determination y Depression of the Freezing Point Introduction: The most commonly used liquid is water. In this experiment we study the equilibria that can exist between pure water and an aqueous solution‚ and ice‚ the solid form of water. The heat will transfer from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. In order for water to change states of matter‚ it takes a certain amount of kinetic energy or heat. The shift from ice to water (solid to a liquid)
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Osmosis/Plasmolysis Lab Name: Problem: How do solutions of various salt concentrations influence osmosis in relation to an onion cell? Materials: (per student group): red onion epidermis forceps‚ dropper distilled water NaCl solution paper towels microscope slide cover slip Procedure 1. Make a wet mount of the red onion epidermis. 2. Examine under low power. When you have a clear view of several cells‚ switch to high power. Make a labeled drawing
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gain (g) because the solution is hypotonic – a hypotonic solution results in the water diffusing into the cell because the molecules of the substance are moving from an area of higher concentration (outside of the cell) to an area of lower concentration (inside the cell) (Hammel & Schelegel 2005). Therefore‚ the water was moving into the cell‚ causing the potato cell to increase in size. The potato appeared to be quite turgid and swollen through observation. The 3% salt solution resulted in the least
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