characteristics are primarily expressed in the observable characteristics‚ or phenotype ‚ of men. This is due to the fact that men only have one X chromosome. Subsequently‚ genes on that chromosome not coding for gender are usually expressed in the male phenotype even if they are recessive since there are no corresponding genes on the Y chromosome in most cases. In women‚ a recessive allele on one X chromosome is often masked in their phenotype by a dominant normal allele on the other. This explains why women
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Cell Division and the Cell Cycle 1) Define the following terms: Meiosis The production of daughter cells that have one half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It enables organisms to reproduce sexually. Mitosis The production of two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell. Parent cell=haploid‚ daughter cell=haploid. Parent cell=diploid‚ daughter cell=diploid. Chromosome A structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells‚ which carry genetic
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of the two bases found in the DNA. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. These are similar aromatic neterocyclic organic compounds. 2. How does an organism’s genotype determine its phenotype? I genotype is the genes present in your body. It is the organism’s full hereditary information. The phenotype is the composite organisms observable characteristics are traits. The genotypes are transcribed into mRNA (messenger RNA)‚ wearing these molecules that can be generic information from DNA
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Data Table 2: Seedling data Seedling Color green yellow Total Number of Seedlings Percentage of Total Questions A. What are the predicted ratios of the phenotypes in the plants? B. What was the total number of seeds that germinated? C. What are the actual ratios of the phenotypes displayed in the tobacco plants? D. Explain why it may be important to collect data from a larger population. E. If all yellow seedlings were removed from the population
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Fruit Fly Lab Introduction The major topic of this experiment was to examine two different crosses between Drosophila fruit flies and to determine how many flies of each phenotype were produced. Phenotype refers to an individual’s appearance‚ where as genotype refers to an individual’s genes. The basic law of genetics that was examined in this lab was formulated by a man often times called the "father of genetics‚" Gregor Mendel. He determined that individuals have two alternate forms
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selection show the distribution of phenotypes. Distribution selection takes place when an extreme phenotype is favored‚ and the distribution curve shifts in that direction. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are an example of directional selection. When an antibiotic is used‚ some bacteria may survive causing it to produce bacteria that is resistant to that antibiotic. Disruptive selection occurs when two or more extreme phenotypes are favored over an intermediate phenotype. An example would be a bird with
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I. Codominance in Humans A. Codominance is the phenotypes of both homozygotes are produced in the heterozygote. 1. Ex: sickle-cell disease II. Sickle-cell disease A. Homozygous for sickle-cell allele. B. Oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin differs by one amino acid from normal hemoglobin. C. Defective hemoglobin forms crystal-like structures that change the shape of the red blood cells. D. Normal red bloods cells are disc-shaped‚ but abnormal red blood cells are sickle-shaped or half- moon. E
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Cell Cycle Describe how major events of cell division that enable the genome of one cell to be passed on to two daughter cells. List the phases of cell cycle and describe the sequence of events that occurs during each phase. There are two main stages of the cell cycle‚ with multiple subdivisions within each. Interphase is the first stage‚ and it’s composed of G1 (contents of the cell are duplicated sans the chromosomes)‚ S (chromosomal duplication)‚ and G2 (checkpoints) phase. After interphase‚
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chromosomes (XX in females‚ XY in males) Morgan spent a year looking for variants in the fruit flies. Most had red eyes but he found 1 male with white eyes. Normal phenotypic characteristics are called wild type. Alternative traits are called mutant phenotypes. When Morgan crossed his white eyed male with a red eyed female‚ all the offspring’s had red eyes. Therefore the allele for red eyes is dominant over the one for white eyes. When he crossed the F1 offspring‚ it produced a 3:1 ratio in the F2 generation
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Bacteria are able take in material though the cell membrane‚ resulting in a change in its phenotype. In transformation‚ the foreign DNA crosses through the permeable cell membrane with energy from various enzymes. In the E. coli bacteria cell‚ protein synthesis occurred‚ with these new genetic traits from the plasmid. In protein synthesis‚ there
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