MOODULE 2: THEORIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELLING THE BEHAVIOURIST THEORY OF COUNSELLING Introduction to Theories A theory can be defined as a systematic way of explaining a fact or an event. It refers to procedure that has been put forward empirically tested that explains a situation as a phenomena. Importance of Theory in Counselling Theories help a counselor to; • Explain the existence of a behaviour by understand if how it’s conceptualized‚ perpetuated and its manifestations
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Trauma Theory Psychological trauma can have an everlasting effect on a person’s life. According to Armsworth and Holaday (1993)‚ Psychological trauma occurs when an individual is exposed to an overwhelming event that renders him or her helpless in the face of intolerable danger‚ anxiety‚ and instinctual arousal (p. 49). Anyone no matter what age‚ can experience a traumatic event. However‚ children are the ones mostly affected by a traumatic event. Trauma regardless if it is sexual abuse‚ physical
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Introduction This study focuses on motivation on why people attend and participate in sporting events; the researcher will be reviewing it based on Psychological disciplinary theories. Sport tourism could be defined as’ leisure based travel that takes individuals temporarily outside of their home communities to participate in physical activities‚ to watch‚ or to venerate attractions associated with physical activities according to Gibson‚ (2006). Individuals seek to travel to either participate
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Behaviourism Psychological Theories Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning is a type of learning which is modified due to the consequences of something that happens. This learning theory is based around a theory created by Skinner. Skinner invented a chamber where he kept pigeons and rats. In order for his theory to be successful the animals had to perform simple responses‚ Skinner recorded their responses by a graph monitor‚ the details that he recorded were how many times they responded correctly
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"invention that has influenced modern society" Top of Form Jan 6‚ 2009‚ 01:27pm #1 Hi‚ I wrote another essay for CLEP practice. Any comments are appreciated‚ but I’m mostly interested in this: Is my thesis sentence clear? Are my closing remarks clear and appropriate? Are there any places that seem off topic? Anyone have any CLEP essay tips? Thanks! ------- "Choose one invention or discovery that has significantly influenced modern society. Show either the positive and/or negative
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Throughout all of Dutton’s theories and tendencies‚ he puts forward the argument that society as a whole is more psychopathic than ever: “after all‚ psychopaths tend to be fearless‚ confident‚ charming‚ ruthless‚ and focused―qualities that are tailor-made for success in the twenty-first century.” Dutton’s main theory or finding was the fact that although there are already a lot of diagnosed psychopaths in this world‚ the percentage is rising everyday. It has gone from 2%-78% in the past 20 years
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Modern Ethical Theories Psychological Egoism vs. Ethical Egoism When we discuss modern ethics there are two theories that emerge above all others and although both are supported they are often controversial in nature. Ethical Egoism states that we should put ourselves and our interests before those of others leading to the conclusion that if we do things that are only in our own self interest then we have achieved morality. Psychological Egoism presumes that we always put ourselves and our interests
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Theories of Sleep The ’Restoration Theory’ is a psychological approach to sleep which claims that we need to sleep in order for our brain to restore energy resources depleted from biological processes throughout the day and remove any useless waste from the muscles. Oswald’s research in 1966 proposed that the brain and the body are restored through different stages of sleep‚ the former being restored during rapid eye movement sleep and the latter during slow-wave sleep‚ part of non-rapid eye movement
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Philosophers Assignment Immanuel Kant: The German Philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is one of the central figures in Modern Philosophy. In the The Methaphysik der Sitten (1797) (Methaphysics of Ethics) Kant described his ethical system. In short‚ the three fundamental elements in Kant’s System are: 1. Individuals are rational beings; They have a conception of laws or principles‚ the ability to make choices on the basis of reason and act on those choices. It is rationality that distinct
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Modern Management Theory Management is one or the other form has existed in every nook and corner of the world since the dawn of civilization. Modern Management has grown with the growth of socialeconomics and scientific institution. Modern view consists that a worker does not work for only money. They work for their satisfaction and happiness with good living style. Here Non- financial award is most important factor. Modern management theories started after 1950s. Modern management theory focuses
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