PHILOSOPHY The History of Philosophy is often divided into three periods: Ancient philosophy‚ Medieval philosophy‚ and Modern philosophy. Philosophy is the discipline concerned with questions of how one should live (ethics); what sorts of things exist and what are their essential natures (metaphysics); what counts as genuine knowledge (epistemology); and what are the correct principles of reasoning (logic). The word is of Ancient Greek origin (philosophía)‚ meaning love of wisdom. Definition
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philosophy [fɪˈlɒsəfɪ] n pl -phies 1. (Philosophy) the academic discipline concerned with making explicit the nature and significance of ordinary and scientific beliefs and investigating the intelligibility of concepts by means of rational argument concerning their presuppositions‚ implications‚ and interrelationships; in particular‚ the rational investigation of the nature and structure of reality (metaphysics)‚ the resources and limits of knowledge (epistemology)‚ the principles and import of
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still believing that his “genius ideas” were worthless. Professor Priest then discusses the main topics of his lecture on Frege‚ which are brief overviews of Mathematical developments‚ and how his findings actually turned a new page in logic and philosophy even though these findings were not widely accepted until 40 years after his death. Priest provides the historical account during the 19th century‚ and the foundations of Mathematics as natural numbers‚ integers‚ rational numbers‚ real numbers
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PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE PART ONE OUTLINE I. II. Introduction to philosophy of language Language and meaning A. B. IV. Clarifying ambiguity and vagueness A. Classification of concepts B. Intensional and extensional Ideational‚ referential‚ and use theories of meaning Levels of language: Linguistic‚ speech‚ and conversational acts Syntactic and semantic ambiguity Vagueness meaning C. Definitions 1. 2. 3. III. Language and clarity A. B. Definitions and their purposes
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re-centering the structure‚ an example of freeplay (within the system) disrupting history (a series of events that provides linear‚ logical coherence to a system). The three major critiques of de-centering (by Heideggar‚ Freud and Nietsche) use the language of metaphysics to breakdown / critique / deconstruct the principles of metaphysics itself. This paradox is relevant as it applies to the dislocation of culture‚ whether historically‚ philosophically‚ economically‚ politically‚ etc. The development
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syntax and speech act theory. The process of realization of language units in speech was viewed through the comparison of language and speech as a potential system of signs. Pragmatic investigations cover the fields of both linguistics and philosophy. In language studies‚ pragmatics is a very wide field. It examines our use and our understanding of the language we speak and hear‚ read and write. Pragmatics examines the importance in language studies of our general knowledge‚ and the importance of
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PHILOSOPHY Philosophy is divided into many sub-fields. These include epistemology‚ logic‚ metaphysics‚ ethics‚ and aesthetics. Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge‚ such as the relationships between truth‚ belief‚ and theories of justification. Logic is the study of the principles of correct reasoning. Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality‚ such as existence‚ time‚ the relationship between mind and body‚ objects and their properties‚ wholes
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Introduction to Philosophy Chapter 1: Introducing Philosophy Philosophy: thinking about thinking‚ or the love of wisdom Autonomy: the ability to freely make rational decisions Materialism (physicalism): a metaphysical theory‚ developed by the PreSocratic philosophers‚ that says that everything‚ including a person’s thoughts‚ consciousness‚ and personality‚ is composed of matter Philosophical System Builder: someone who tries to construct a complete system of knowledge First-Order Language: a specific
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Idealism Idealism is the metaphysical and epistemological doctrine that ideas or thoughts make up fundamental reality. Essentially‚ it is any philosophy which argues that the only thing actually knowable is consciousness (or the contents of consciousness)‚ whereas we never can be sure that matter or anything in the outside world really exists. Thus‚ the only real things are mental entities‚ not physical things (which exist only in the sense that they are perceived) Progressivism Progressivist believes
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or the ridiculous. Many poets‚ novelists and songwriters have used nonsense in their works‚ often creating entire works using it for reasons ranging from pure comic amusement or satire‚ to illustrating a point about language or reasoning. In the philosophy of language and philosophy of science‚ nonsense is distinguished from sense or meaningfulness‚ and attempts have been made to come up with a coherent and consistent method of distinguishing sense from nonsense. It is also an important field of
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