Philosophy 101 Final Paper: Answer to five Questions on Castell and Borchert’s Introduction to Modern Philosophy‚ 4th ed. (Pearson-Macmillan‚ 1983). Question #1: Why does Hume think that the “design” in nature cannot prove God’s existence? Answer: One of the most common reasons why people say they believe in God is that the universe seems to have been intentionally designed. Hume observes that while we may perceive two events that seem to occur in conjunction‚ there is no way for us to
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Critically assess Wittgenstein’s belief that language games allow religious statements to have meaning. (35 marks) In his early work‚ Tractatus Logico‚ Wittgenstein identified a link between language and reality and put forward the ‘picture theory of language.’ In this theory‚ he stated language could only be meaningful if one had a mental image which corresponded to it. However this theory faced religious criticism as it meant that discussions surrounding God were both meaningless and impossible
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to Phillips) -Language examined independently of its referents -Anything outside language can be said to be what language refers to --Language is a structure‚ or a system --Any utterance can be analyzed according to the structure that underlies it --Structura: A fitting together‚ an adjustment‚ a building -Strues: A heap -Stere: To spread or stretch out --Example: in a relationship‚ ask if something’s wrong and they say “nothing” --Conflicts about a language game Saussure’s
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Describe the structure of language in terms of sound‚ meaning‚ and grammar. All languages have the same basic structural units. Phonemes are the basic units of sound in a language. Morphemes are the elementary units of meaning; some (such as I) are words‚ but most are elements such as prefixes (anti-) or suffixes (-ing).Grammar is the system of rules
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Philosophy 1. How are Plato’s and Descartes’ views of the soul/self similar? Both Plato and Descartes believe that the soul/self is best (or only) to think and learn separate from the body and its faculties. According to Plato‚ “the soul reasons best without bodily senses.” Plato claims that sight‚ hearing‚ pain‚ and pleasure are a distraction to the soul in its search for reality‚ and that true knowledge can only be achieved with pure thought alone. “The body confuses the soul and prevents
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1. Describe the major goals and methods of the ethnography of communication. 2. Discuss the interrelationships of gender and language in English speakers. 3. Outline the objectives‚ methodologies‚ and results of the sociolinguistic study of language and class. 4. Describe the main goals of conversation analysis‚ indicate what features of conversation support this approach and discuss any weaknesses of conversation analysis. 5. Summarize and critically evaluate the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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(perceived meaning) ‘I’m in the bath.’ You get the phone. I’ll have to get the phone. PRAGMATIC DEVELOPMENT 3 Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching.co.uk + www.english-teaching.co.uk WHAT DO WE MEAN BY PRAGMATICS? Pragmatics is an area of language study linked to the things people mean rather than what they actually say. Pragmatics refers to: implicature expressing meaning indirectly inference what someone thinks you are saying humour 4 politeness Copyright © 2009 www.englishteaching
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GCSE English Language – Unit Three Spoken Language Study – 10% AO2 i. Understand variations in spoken language‚ explaining why language changes in relation to contexts. ii. Evaluate the impact of spoken language choices in their own and others’ use. Example One Example Two Task Band / Grade Mark Description 5 24 23 22 21 Perceptive understanding of the way spoken language works. Perceptive understanding of the ways spoken language changes according to context and why these
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pronunciation of a word is “the way or ways in which a unit of language is spoken by persons qualified by education or otherwise to be speakers worthy of imitation.” The most common ways to pronounce faux pas are fO”pä and fō’päz’. Also‚ faux pas’ part of speech or “traditional class of words distinguished according to the kind of idea denoted and the function performed in a sentence” is a noun. Most words from the English language can be traced back into time. The etymology of a word is “the
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competence/performance model of language. It was also a reaction against Chomsky’s overemphasis on linguistic competence. Hymes defined cc as that aspect of our competence that enables us to convey and interpret messages and to negotiate meaning interpersonally within specific contexts. or Knowledge that enables a person to communicate functionally and interactively. In Hymes view‚ linguistic competence or knowledge about language forms could not account for the social and functional rules of language. CALP/BICS
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