Thought to be an improvement of the strong and strict verification principle: applying the principle only to cases that we can directly verify by experience would be limiting‚ allows us to make statements about the past and emotions and predictions in science * John Hick questioned whether the verification principle renders religious statements meaningless – two travellers down a long road and arguing whether it leads to a celestial city‚ just as with God and heaven‚ the walkers can verify at the end
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Cited: Mach‚ Ernst. Popular Scientific Lectures. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company‚ 1898. Russell‚ Bertrand. The Problems of Philosophy. London: Oxford University Press‚ 1912.
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”Positionality and how this may impact on any research you undertake” ABSTRACT The following essay discuss the concept of positionality and how this may impact on any research one undertake. I have try to discuss all different concepts of Positionality and critically review…as I have try to explain that how they all are interrelated to each other and how can we apply all theories as a whole . How each standard theory contradict the other and made the study very complex one. The essay discusses
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The boundary between science and pseudo science‚ better known as the demarcation issue has been in debate for decades between philosophers of science in order to find the basis on which this separation can exist. The likes of Karl Popper initially introduced the demarcation criterion called “falsificationism” which states that falsifiability is the “logical possibility that an assertion can be shown false by an observation or a physical experiment”[1] and it was on this beginning that Popper was
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It is possible to agree both with Carnap and Popper on the question of demarcation. In general‚ it is not possible to agree with both Carnap and Popper on the question of demarcation of scientific science statements and unscientific statements. First‚ let us start by pointing out what their opinions are on demarcations. Carnap’s opinion on the demarcation of differentiating scientific statements and unscientific statements is to see if it’s verifiable. Which means whether it can be tested or not
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“It is only knowledge produced with difficulty that we truly value’’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? Across different areas of knowledge‚ from the natural sciences to the arts‚ identifying knowledge produced with difficulty is difficult. A Truly‚ interpretations are subject specific like for example‚ In the sciences‚ knowledge is determined through following rigorously a scientific method and developing a sophisticated‚ valid theory or model requires a high level of reasoning and experimentation
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Mark Coelen – 3492222 – Synopsis week 4 The overarching subject of the articles would be the concept of underdetermination. Pierre Duhem – Physical Theory and Experiment Pierre Duhem wrote Physical theory and Experiment. In section one is titled: The Experimental Testing of a Theory Does Not Have the Same Logical Simplicity in Physics as in Physiology. Duhem states that the chemist and the physiologist show their confidence in the physicist‚ because they both admit the accuracy of the
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script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84551997000400008 Schen‚ M. (2007). Scientific reasoning skills development in the introductory Biology courses for undergraduates. Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University. Retrieved from: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhDT.......192S Wikipedia (sd). Abductive reasoning. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductive_reasoning Wikipedia (sd). Causal
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Holism is explained as the concept of treating the whole body system in its entirety. Comparative to the biomedical model of treating specific illness symptoms‚ holism aims to support all the bodily functions at the same time while looking for the cause of the problem at hand. The concept of Holism will be discussed further in relation to diagnosis and treatment and explanation will be given on the significance of exploring the causes of the symptoms. As discussed by Mark Hyman (Hyman‚ 2010)‚
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believed that there are a lot of concepts that are ambiguous in traditional philosophical propositions. These ambiguous concepts led to the confusion of traditional philosophy. For this reason‚ the logical positivists proposed their criteria of meaning‚ and the purpose of which is to clarify the propositions in traditional philosophy. Logical positivism only recognizes two formal propositions. One is logical and mathematical analytical propositions‚ and its essence is a tautology or synonymous
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