STUDY GUIDE ONLY SLIDE1 CLASSICAL CONDITIONING AND FEAR Phobias are a Product of Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning is Used to Treat phobias (Speaker Notes) Phobias are developed through classical conditioning. Olson & Hergenhahn‚ (2013) define classical conditioning as “An experimental arrangement whereby a stimulus is made to elicit a response that was not previously associated with that stimulus” (p. 418). Just as phobias are developed through classical conditioning‚ it is also
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Word count: 2145 Word count: 2145 Discuss the Relationship between Stress‚ Anxiety‚ Habits and Phobias. Describe How You Would Treat these Issues with Hypnotherapy In this essay I shall try to define anxiety‚ stress‚ habits and phobias as well as explore their individual attributes and symptoms and how each may relate. I will also attempt to explain basic methodology and treatment of neurotic conditions‚ such as anxiety‚ fear and low self-esteem‚ highlighting any professional or ethical implications
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Operant Conditioning and Phobias Classical and Operant Conditioning‚ the two main methods of learning found in chapter 5of the textbook‚ Psychology are said to contribute to the attaining of phobias. These 2 types of conditioning vary in style and effectiveness‚ however both are responsible for shaping behavior‚ attitude and perception. In this paper we will first discuss how phobias can be developed through classical conditioning‚ second we will discuss how phobias can be developed through
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Sigmund Freud’s‚ “Analysis of a Phobia in a Five-Year-Old Boy” Phil Feria Psychology 310A Grayson Schick‚ M.A. February 5‚ 2011 Abstract Little Hans was a young boy who was the subject of a study of castration anxiety and the Oedipus complex by Sigmund Freud. This important publication was the first of clinical material that derived directly from the treatment of a child and was presented by evidence as support of Freud’s theories of infantile sexuality. Another theme within Freud ’s
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Claustrophobia: The Symptoms‚ Causes‚ and Treatments of a Popular Phobia Phobias have been a common part of the world since the beginning of time. As most people know‚ a phobia is “a special form of fear which… cannot be explained or reasoned away [and] is beyond voluntary control” (Marks 3). There are hundreds upon thousands of phobias in the world. However‚ one of the most common phobias is called claustrophobia. As most know and Ronald Doctor explains‚ “Claustrophobia is the fear of closed
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A phobia is an intense‚ unreasonable fear of situations‚ objects‚ activities‚ etc. The fear and distress is so intense that the person will do whatever they can to avoid coming into contact with the object of their fear‚ and often spend time thinking about whether they’re likely to encounter it in a given situation. “A phobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense and irrational fear that is out of proportion to the danger elicited by the object or situation. In comparison‚ fear is a
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will explain in this assignment are gender differences in anxiety disorders‚ gender differences in panic disorder‚ and effects of gender on social phobia. The first article is explaining my main topic that I chose for this assignment. The article is about panic disorder‚ which is a form of an anxiety disorder. The last article is about social phobia‚ which is also another form of an anxiety disorder. Between these articles that I have chosen‚ I hope to conclude with informing my reader with about
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ourselves to our own personal and unique fears is the best way to move past them” (Posttraumatic Disorder--Temporary or Permanent?). So everybody has their own fears. As I stated before bad experiences are a huge trigger for fear. A perfect example of a phobia is one that I have of spiders.
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Discuss issues of reliability and validity associated with the classification and diagnosis of phobic disorders (8 + 16 marks) A phobia is a persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable which must meet a set of criteria given in the DSM. A clinical diagnosis is made if there is no other possible physiological cause and if the symptoms cannot be better accounted for by another disorder. The individual also recognises their behaviour is unreasonable and the severity of the fear interferes with
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Bandura’s Social-Cognitive Theory The social-cognitive theory proposed by Albert Bandura (1925- ) has become the most influential theory of learning and development. It considers that people learn from one another‚ including such concepts as observational learning‚ imitation‚ and modeling. This theory explains human behavior in terms of continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive‚ behavioral‚ and environmental influences. The four-step pattern of observational learning consists of: (1)
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