such that the response originally elicited by one stimulus is transferred to another. The person learns to produce an existing response to a new stimulus. Watson and Rayner (1920) showed how classical conditioning can make someone learn to have a phobia. They conditioned a young boy (Little Albert) to respond with anxiety to the stimulus of a white rat; they achieved this by pairing the rat with a loud noise that already made Albert anxious. The anxiety response was transferred to the rat because
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conditioning‚ where learning results from the association of stimuli with reflex responses. Classical conditioning can be used to explain the development of many abnormal behaviours‚ including phobias‚ anxiety disorders and taste aversions. An example of how classical conditioning might result in a phobia is the case of Little Albert. In an experiment carried out by Watson and Rayner‚ a 11 month old boy called ‘little Albert’ was taught to fear a white rat through associating it with a loud noise
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Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction Anxiety is a general term for several disorders that cause nervousness‚ fear‚ apprehension‚ and worrying. These disorders affect how we feel and behave‚ and they can manifest real physical symptoms. Mild anxiety is vague and unsettling‚ while severe anxiety can be extremely debilitating‚ having a serious impact on daily life. People often experience a general state of worry or fear before confronting something challenging such as a test‚ examination
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feared would suddenly catch their breath‚ and when shown love the response was smiles and laughter‚ but when mad angry‚ turned to rage‚ the child would scream and shout and throw temper tantrums. Watson and Rayner did a future study to prove how a phobia can begin‚ (Watson and Rayner‚ 1920)‚ the two psychologist took an unattached‚ unemotional child from an prphanage called Little Albert‚ they began by giving the child a white stuffed rat‚ Litle Albert loved and played with the toy for a time‚ then
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We all feel anxious at times. Children do too‚ but when children become more anxious more often‚ they may be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Three of the most common anxiety disorders children are diagnosed with are phobias‚ general anxiety disorder‚ and separation anxiety (“Anxiety‚” 2008). The median age of onset anxiety disorders is six years so it is important for all early childhood educators to have an understanding of the signs and know how to work with these children to get them the
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wish to become better at it so I don’t sound like a dick when saying things. I would like to be a little more timid since I feel like I do intimidate others a lot. Becoming a better note taker would be nice but unrealistic. Get over my phobia of speaking (yes phobia as I have had nervous break downs and literally dropped out of school for it.).
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The first weeks were unbearable; I was thirteen and felt like a misfit‚ I could not get myself to adjust. I talked to many people‚ but I kept on jumping from group to group because I could not consider any one my friend as in the previous school. Phobia stroked
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dysfunctional anxiety-reducing behaviors. Know the symptoms of and be able to differentiate between the different anxiety disorders: GAD‚ Panic disorder‚ phobias‚ OCD‚ PTSD GAD – (Generalized anxiety disorder) A person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy. Panic Disorder – a person experiences sudden episodes of intense dread Phobias – a person feels irrationally and intensely afraid of a specific object or situation. OCD – (Obsessive compulsive disorder) a person is troubled by repetitive
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Be Afraid : A study about the positive effects of Fear into Human Activities A Research Paper Presented to Ms. Ann Millaine Taylan-Ambayec Mapua Institute of Technology In Partial Fulfillment Of the course requirement in English for Academic Purposes 2 (ENG11) By: Jan Allen R. Ledesma Jan Julien R. Nicolas Patrisha Anne G. Orante Gethsemane Achaia B. Reyes Maria Lilian T. Tongson June 2011 Table of Contents I. Abstract
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in which a person repeatedly has panic attacks or sudden feeling of terror that strike without warning. Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is when a person has persistent symptoms that occur after someone has experienced a traumatic event. A phobia is an extreme fear of something that does not pose a significant danger which can cause others to limit the way others live their lives. These six types of anxiety disorders have many differences‚ so it is important that people are not all treated
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