Absorption Spectra of Conjugated Dyes 04-21-2103 Introduction: The visible absorption bands or conjugated dye arise from electron transitions involving the electrons in the conjugated and they are free to move along the chain and are not attached to any atom. An example of such a dye is 3‚3-diethyl-thiacyanine iodide. The cation has two resonance forms causing each of the bonds in the conjugated chain to have an order of 1.5 and have a length similar to the C--‐C bond length in benzene
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Centre Number Surname Other Names Candidate Signature Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Examiner’s Initials Question Mark General Certificate of Secondary Education Higher Tier June 2012 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TOTAL Science A Unit Physics P1 PH1HP Physics Unit Physics P1 Wednesday 20 June 2012 9.00 am to 10.00 am H For this paper you must have: a ruler the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). You may use a calculator. Time allowed 1 hour Instructions Use
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Electromagnetic waves in space See the book “Optics” by Hecht sections 3.2 and 3.3 Speed of light: EM waves travel in a vacuum with speed c = c = 299‚792‚458 ms-1 exactly They are transverse waves with (vector) E and B field orthogonal to each other‚ for this section bold indicates vector quanties. When far from the source (many wavelengths) the E and B fields are in phase The vector E x B points in the direction of motion Travelling waves can be written as E = E 0 ⋅ ei ( kx −ωt ) and B = B 0 ⋅ ei
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Answer: Radiation has a profound effect on matter. Particularly in forms where it has high energy. There are basically two kinds of radiation‚ and they are electromagnetic energy and particulate radiation. Low energy electromagnetic radiation isn’t generally hazardous‚ as long as the field strengths are low. You wouldn’t want to stand in front of a radar antenna when it’s radiating‚ but we are swept by low power electromagnet energy all the time. Those so-called radio waves are everywhere. Light
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In this letter‚ I hope to share my interests and strengths that would demonstrate how I am a qualified candidate for the physics Ph. d. program at --------. I have some interests in experimental astrophysics as well as having some experience in the field. However‚ I am currently very interested in experimental particle physics and have been since my first exposure to it in Dr. Dave Raymond’s Phys 222 class. This specialized field has been pure fun since I became acquainted wih it; I feel like
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Science Notes: Fundamental Forces of Nature All forces in nature may be classified into four types. The gravitational force holds together the universe at large‚ plus the atmosphere‚ water‚ and us to the planet Earth. The electromagnetic force governs atomic level phenomena‚ binding electrons to atoms‚ and atoms to one another to form molecules and compounds. The strong nuclear force holds the nucleus together. The fourth force‚ the weak nuclear force‚ is responsible for certain types of nuclear
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Well how does the study of physics made a milestone for the world. And how does it help me in my daily life. Physics is the science of matter and its motion‚ space-time and energy. Physics describes many forms of energy - such as kinetic energy‚ electrical energy‚ and mass; and the way energy can change from one form to another. Everything surrounding to us is made of matter and Physics explains matter as combinations of fundamental particles which are interacting through fundamental forces. It
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Dalton was the first scientist to help contribute to the atomic theory. He based his thought process off of Democritus‚ an ancient Greek philosopher‚ who stated that at one point you will not be able to break down matter anymore‚ he called this basic building block an atom (meaning not divisible). Democritus believed that everything around us such as metal‚ water‚ and wood were atoms‚ but Dalton believed and proved that it could be more basic than that. He started thinking of compounds such as water
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Most people have heard of the more common states of matter: solids‚ liquids‚ and gases. Fewer people know that there are actually more states of matter‚ including the fourth and fifth states: plasma and the Bose-Einstein Condensate‚ or BEC. The plasma and Bose-Einstein Condensate states of matter‚ while having some similarities‚ are two completely different forms of matter and connect with the Kinetic Molecular Theory in differing ways. Plasma is the fourth state of matter. It’s a fluid‚ gas-like
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