Hopkins University I. II. III. IV. Catabolic Metabolism: The Synthesis of ATP Photosynthesis Origin of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Illustrations of the Uses of ATP: Ion Transport‚ Biosynthesis‚ and Motility V. Concluding Statements GLOSSARY Adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP) The carrier of free energy in cells. Bioenergetics The study of energy relationships in living systems. Chloroplasts The sites of photosynthesis in green plants. Ion transport The movement of ions across biological membranes
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VO2 max of an athlete because‚ philosophically of course‚ the more oxygen used during exercise‚ the more ATP that is produced. This translates into; the more oxygen that can be absorbed by the body‚ the more energy that is produced through cellular respiration‚ and in turn‚ an athlete would heighten the intensity of the workout for a longer period of time becoming a better athlete. The VO2 Max of a person can be affected by mass‚ time it took to walk necessary distance‚ and heart rate. Each variable
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products of the breakdown of glucose: 1. Two ATP molecules 2. Pyruvic acid If oxygen is not available‚ pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid‚ which is the end product of anaerobic respiration. 8. If oxygen is available‚ the process is known as ___aerobic_ respiration. Name two sources of oxygen: 1. Oxygen enters the muscle cell directly from the blood. 2. Oxygen is stored in myoglobin‚ an oxygen-binding protein. The aerobic pathway consists
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ATP_______________________ 2. __ 2 pyruvic acid_______________________ If oxygen is not available‚ pyruvic acid is converted to _lactic acid_________ acid‚ which is the end product of _anaerobic_____________ respiration. 8. If oxygen is available‚ the process is known as __aerobic___________ respiration. Name two sources of oxygen:
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Define the standard reduction potential. Why aerobic grow generates the highest amount of energy (ATP). How this value plays a role in organization of electron transport system. Compare Eo of aerobic and anaerobic respiration 3. Describe the flow of electron in fermentation and respiration. What happened to the electron in each of the above processes 4. Describe how enzymes are involved in chemical reactions. (activation energy‚ lowering Eo 5. Define apoenzyme andcofactor. What is the
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glycogen breaks down into ATP as well as lactic acid. This system supplies ATP slower than the Phosphocreatine system. The body cannot produce enough ATP to maintain this energy source for longer than around 2 minutes. There is a limit to anaerobic respiration because of the lactic acid. The buildup of lactic acid will end up stopping the movement of the muscles are it beings to become painful. The anaerobic energy system is commonly associated with the 400m sprint‚ 100m swim‚ most teams sports and
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carried out by living organisms. This process is carried out in two different ways: anabolic and catabolic. The catabolic breaks down large chemical compounds while anabolic synthesizes components to create larger molecules. Respiration provides energy for these reactions‚ and respiration needs oxygen to occur. Thus‚ calculating the change in oxygen can determine metabolic rate (University‚ 59). In this experiment‚ we will observe and analyze the oxygen consumption of Carassius auratus‚ also known as goldfish
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of two ATPs are produced as the process uses two ATPs and produces four. Glycolysis consists of ten chemical reactions; each reaction is catalysed using a different enzyme. Oxygen is not required during glycolysis so it is considered anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis must be regulated so that energy is produce only when required. During glycolysis there are three enzymes that catalyse or inhibit the rate of reaction. These are hexokinase‚ phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. During the first
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In the Kingdom Exploration lab‚ five different organisms were observed under a microscope‚ (Yeast‚ Paramecium‚ Elodea‚ Daphnia‚ Euglena). Each of these organisms is apart of one of the six kingdoms‚ (Eubacteria‚ Archaebacteria‚ Fungi‚ Protista‚ Plantae‚ and Animalia) which are apart of three domains‚ (Archaea‚ Bacteria‚ and Eukarya). In this lab‚ however‚ none of the organisms observed were archaea or bacteria. Also‚ all the organisms were eukaryotes‚ not prokaryotes‚ which are organisms without
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Action of enzymes as catalysts in biochemical processes * Enzymes acts as catalyst and increase the rate of all the chemical reactions. * Enzymes are also described by two properties like all other catalysts. It composed of two main functions. * The first function is that‚ they increase the rate of chemical reactions by without consumed themselves or undergo any change or alteration in the reaction. . ( Zemitec et‚al 2008). * The second function is‚ they increase reaction rates
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