A lot of changes occur in middle adulthood‚ which spans the ages of 40 to 65 (Rathus‚ 2016). People do not age at the same rate or in the same way‚ and this is known as interindividual variability. Unavoidable physiological aging is characterized by changes in hair‚ skin‚ and nails‚ senses‚ reaction time and lung capacity (Rathus‚ 2016). Other changes can be moderated and even reversed through diet and exercise‚ including metabolism‚ muscle mass‚ strength‚ bone density‚ and aerobic capacity. Diet
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Individual Difference and Personalities 1. Personality a. Definition Personality is the particular combination of emotional‚ attitudinal‚ and behavioral response patterns of an individual. Different personality theorists present their own definitions of this the word based on their theoretical positions. Personality is the sum total of all the behavioural and mental characteristics by means of which an individual is recognized as being unique. b. Shaping of Personality * Biological Factors
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Polk Lillard‚ 1972‚ p37). Montessori writes‚ “Thus it happens that at the age of three‚ life seems to begin again; for now consciousness shines forth in all its fullness and glory. ... Only with the advent of consciousness do we have unity of the personality‚ and therefore the power to remember” (2007‚ p151). The child becomes aware of him/herself as separate and apart from the world. “At first‚ he was guided by an impersonal force seeming to be hidden within him; now he is guided by his conscious “I
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children deal with and adjust to the world through twin processes he called: a. conservation and revisionism b. motor learning and cognitive learning c. egocentric thinking and magical thinking d. assimilation and accommodation _B___ 5. Social and cognitive influences on how we interpret‚ organize‚ and use information characterizes ________. a. Freudian theory b. social role theory c. parent modeling model d. affective-primary theory ____ 6. "Boys will be boys and girls will be girls. Parents
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Theories of Personality Personality sum total of the qualities and characteristics of a person as shown in her manner of walking‚ talking‚ dressing‚ and her attitudes‚ interests‚ and ways of reacting to other people came from the Latin word “persona” which means mask Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) believes that there are 3 levels of awareness of one’s mind conscious preconscious unconscious acc. to Freud‚ there are 3 parts of personality id (pleasure) ego (reality) superego (moral center
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world is full of cognitive dissonances. These distortions of reality impact the world in all the imaginable possible ways. Every person might be brought up to the world believing something or that belief might be picked up throughout life. Regardless of the circumstances‚ people end up believing in someone or something and hope for it to be true and often like to believe facts are opinions‚ and opinions are facts. People are often subjects of their own irrational thoughts‚ or cognitive dissonances‚ and
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influential theories on cognitive development comes from Jean Piaget‚ a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher. To Piaget‚ cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. His ideas have generated a lot of research into cognitive development which has significantly improved our understanding on the topic. He is well-known for his studies with children and his theory that cognitive capabilities shown
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Objectives After reading Chapter 10‚ you should be able to: 1. List and explain Maslow’s five assumptions regarding motivation. 2. List and explain the five needs in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. 3. Distinguish between conative‚ aesthetic‚ cognitive‚ and neurotic needs. 4. Define instinctoid needs. 5. Describe Maslow’s criteria for identifying self-actualizers. 6. List and describe the characteristics of self-actualizing people. 7. Describe the Jonah complex. 8. Discuss Maslow’s
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UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY NAME: CHARLES NYUNGU REGISTRATION NUMBER: R115700F PROGRAM: H.P.S III COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY LECTURER: MR MOSES ASSIGNMENT TITLE: Provide a critical analysis of the differences and similarities of counselling and psychotherapy? DUE DATE: 4th APRIL 2014 The terms Counseling and Psychotherapy are often used interchangeably. Though they have similar meanings with significant overlap‚ there are some
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Cognitive therapy functions on several levels‚ looking for and changing a person’s symptoms‚ as well as their perspectives‚ core beliefs and underlying schemas (Seligman & Reichenberg‚ 2013) and once healthy thinking takes place then the therapist helps the person develop skills to continue to monitor‚ assess and respond to their own cognitions that allow them to lead successful healthy lives (Seligman & Reichenberg‚
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