Sample ‘short answer’ questions for Lecture Exam 4 (Final Exam) (1) Briefly describe the meninges and spaces that surround the spinal cord. Meningeal Branch: Tiny‚ reenters vertebral canal‚ innervates meninges and blood vessels (2) Distinguish among exteroceptors‚ interoceptors and proprioceptors. Exteroceptors: Respond to stimuli arising outside body Receptors in the skin for touch‚ pressure‚ pain‚ and temperature Most special sense organs (vision‚ hearing‚ equilibrium‚ taste‚ smell) Interoceptors:
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26: Fluid‚ Electrolyte‚ and Acid-Base Balance Objectives Body Fluids 1. List the factors that determine body water content and describe the effect of each factor. 2. Indicate the relative fluid volume and solute composition of the fluid compartments of the body. 3. Contrast the overall osmotic effects of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. 4. Describe factors that determine fluid shifts in the body. Water Balance and ECF Osmolality 5. List the routes by which water enters
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Nerve and neuron sound similar to most people‚ but they are two different components of the body (Martini‚ 375). Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system‚ while neurons are found in the brain‚ spinal cord‚ and peripheral nerve (Martini‚ 375). Neurons are nerves cells that are specialized for intercellular communication (Martini‚ 375). A neuron is composed of a cell body‚ dendrites and axon (Marieb‚ 376). A nerve is a bundle of axons or dendrites that is wrapped in connective tissues
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Physioex 9.0 Review Sheet Exercise 1 Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability Name ___ Lab Time/Date ___ Activity 1 Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) 1. Describe two variables that affect the rate of diffusion. ___ ___ 2. Why do you think the urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___ 3. Describe the results of the attempts to diffuse glucose and albumin through the 200 MWCO membrane. How well did the results
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Laboratory 8 - Endocrine System Endocrine Gland Histology PhysioEX 9.0 – Endocrine System Physiology (Exercise 4) Endocrine Gland Histology Objectives 1. To understand the function of the endocrine system 2. To learn about the major endocrine glands‚ the hormones they produce‚ and the effects they initiate 3. To familiarize the student with histological identification of various endocrine glands Background The endocrine system consists of cells and tissues that secrete chemical
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17: Blood Objectives Overview: Blood Composition and Functions 1. Describe the composition and physical characteristics of whole blood. Explain why it is classified as a connective tissue. 2. List eight functions of blood. Blood Plasma 3. Discuss the composition and functions of plasma. Formed Elements 4. Describe the structure‚ function‚ and production of erythrocytes. 5. Describe the chemical makeup of hemoglobin. 6. Give examples of disorders caused by abnormalities
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designed to observe a baseline heart rate and blood pressure and to examine various modifications of the two. This experiment utilized both the BiopacPro and PhysioEx computer programs. The PhysioEx program was used to simulate a heart rate and modifications to it. The BiopacPro program was used to monitor a volunteer’s blood pressure; while PhysioEx was again used to monitor the modifications to it. Heart rate was shown to decrease as temperature decreases‚ increase in the presence of epinephrine‚ and
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____________________________________________________________ ________________________________ c.________________________ ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________ 3. Explain how the PhysioEx experimental muscle stimulation differs from the in vivo stimulation via the nervous system. (Note that the graded muscle response following both stimulation methods is similar.) 4. What are the two experimental ways in which mode of stimulation
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PhysioEx 9.0 Ex. 8: Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion - Review Sheet ACTIVITY1 Assessing Starch Digestion by Salivary Amylase 1. List the substrate and the subunit product of amylase. _starch & maltose respectively__ 2. What effect did boiling and freezing have on enzyme activity? Why? How well did the results compare with your prediction?__Boiling caused amylase to be denatured‚ thus inactivating the enzyme. Freezing has no effect. The function of an enzyme is directly related
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in muscle force by increasing the # of active motor units 16. After prolonged activity‚ there’s an accumulation of lactic acid & depletion of ATP‚ ion imbalances or tissue damage‚ hence the loss of the ability to contract‚ or muscle fatigue. PhysioEX Skeletal Muscle Physiology (all) Activity 1 1. Skeletal muscle fibers: cells that composes skeletal muscle Motor unit: 1 motor neuron & all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates. Skeletal muscle twitch: 1 contractile response to a single
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