PhysioEX notes Autorhythmicity- heart’s ability to trigger its own contractions Phase O- a lot like depolarization in neuronal action potentials. Sodium channels open‚ increase of sodium INTO cell. Phase 1- sodium channels close‚ potassium channels close‚ decrease in potassium and sodium. Calcium channels open‚ increase of calcium into cell. Phase 2- Plateau phase‚ membrane still depolarized (contract). Potassium channels closed‚ L-type calcium channels stay open. Lasts 0.2 seconds/200
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EXERCISE 10: Acid-Base Balance Grading: True/False‚ Multiple-Choice‚ and Fill-in-the-blank type questions will be worth 1 point each whereas Short-answer type questions will be worth 2 points each. This lab will be worth a total of 45 points but will be converted to a percentage grade when registered in your “Gradebook”. |ACTIVITY 1: Hyperventilation |Answers | |A
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predicted that the resting membrane potential would become less negative. 3. The extracellular Na+ did not alter the membrane potential in the resting neuron because the Na+ channels were mostly closed. 4. Na+ and K+ both have a relative permeability of 0 voltage outside a resting neuron and a relative negative permeability inside a resting neuron. 5. A change in Na+ or K+ conductance would affect the resting membrane potential because if the membrane is permeable to a particular ion‚ that ion will diffuse
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Activity 1 Pre-Lab Quiz K+ inside a cell = 150 mM; K+ outside a cell = 5 mM Na+ inside a cell = 5 mM; Na+ outside a cell = 150 mM Stop & Think question What is the polarity of the resting membrane potential (voltage)? Negative What does it mean that the voltage just inside the membrane is negative? B Membrane of most cells contains K+ leak channels…..b What will happen to the resting membrane potential if the extracellular K+ concentration is increase? Less negative What happens
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line then jumped back to normal and then flat lined again it continue to follow this trace continuously. 7. What part of the trace shows the refractory period? The atrial contraction is the part of the trace that shows the refractory period 8. Does summation occur? No summation 9. Why is it important that summation not occur in heart muscle? Summation would increase the Heart muscle contractions which would lead to heart attack. Activity 2: Vagus Nerve Stimulation 1. Describe
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PhysioEx – Exercise 9 Activity 1: 1. excretion and regulation 2. glomerular capillaries (glomerulus) & Bowman’s capsule 3. The filtrate flows from the Bowman’s capsule into the renal tubule called the proximal convoluted tubule then into the loop of Henle‚ and finally into the distal convoluted tubule: a. Proximal Convoluted Tubule b. Loop of Henle c. Distal Convoluted Tubule 4. When the radius of the afferent arteriole was decreased‚ the pressure and the filtration rate both decreased
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Beginning at 40 seconds‚ with the pH at 7.52‚ respiratory alkalosis occurred. 7. Did the PCO2 level change during the course of this run? If so‚ how? Yes the PCO2 levels did fluctuate over the course of this run decreased from 40mm Hg to 19.7mm Hg 8. If you observed an acid/base imbalance during this run‚ how would you expect to renal system to compensate for this condition? Renal compensation for alkalosis means the kidneys will correct the basic conditions by increasing H+ absorption and by increasing
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hyperventilate. The rising pH indicated that the body was expelling CO2 and H+. 7. Did the PCO2 level change during the curse of this run? If so‚ how? Yes‚ the PCO2 level dropped from 40 to 19.7 because the body was getting rid of CO2 by hyperventilating. 8. If you observed an acid/base imbalance during this run‚ how would you expect to renal system to compensate for this condition? The renal system would generate H+ and excrete HCO3- to counteract the respiratory system and lower the pH back to homeostasis
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Activity 1: Electrical Stimulation 1. Do you see any kind of response on the oscilloscope screen? NO 2. What was the threshold voltage‚ or the voltage at which you first saw an action potential? 3.0 V 3. How does this tracing compare to the one that was generated at the threshold voltage? The tracing travel in the same fashion but the tracing were different with an increase threshold voltage 4. What reason can you give for the change? Increase voltage 5. Record this maximal voltage here:
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PHYSIO EX 1 Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) 1. Describe two variables that affect the rate of diffusion. The temperature of the solutions and the difference in concentration of the ion or molecule between the sides of the membrane 2. Why do you think the urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Since the chemical formula for urea is (NH2)2CO and its molecular weight is about 60. It will not diffuse through the
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