First pass metabolism. Pharmacology is the study of the effects drugs have and how they exert them. Drugs can be administered enteral or parenteral. [1] Enteral refers to any form of administration that involves the alimentary tract. The four enteral routes of administration include the mouth‚ sublingual‚ buccal and rectal. Parenteral refers to routes of administration outside of or beside of the alimentary tract. The parenteral route includes intravascular (IV)‚ Intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous
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Audit of Thyroid Function Measurement Intoduction Hypothyroidism is a common condition in general practice occuring in 2% of women and 0.2% of men. Guidelines from the British Thyroid Association 2006 suggest that all patients receiving thyroxine replacement should have their TFTs measured annually. If the dose of thyroxine is altered‚ TFTs should be re measured after 2-3 months. The gold standard should be 100%‚ ie all patients receiving thyroid replacement should have TFTs measured at least annually
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Normal Thyroid Essay The thyroid is located in the neck superior to the thyroid cartilage‚ also known as the “Adam’s apple”. It has two lobes which are joined by an isthmus. The thyroid gland has a sufficient blood supply which consists of four arteries to ensure adequate blood flow‚ thyroid bruit with enlargement‚ and “C” cells interspersed with follicular cells. The Superior thyroid artery branches off the common carotid artery and the inferior thyroid artery which branches off the Subclavian
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Three Stress Hormones Life is full of mystery‚ a journey that is full of twists and turns‚ ups and downs‚ that can sometime lead to depression or your simple happiness. But like all journeys there are obstacles that could go on your way and stop you to reach your personal goal. Various situations where one is unable to deal with this turns‚ let alone have the courage to face its ups and downs. Stress is no stranger to our lives. The term stress can be utilized in several approaches because stress
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The study of metabolism reaches as far back as the thirteenth century. With it‚ things like the citric acid cycle‚ mitochondrial physiology‚ and diseases like diabetes have been better understood. The overall concept of metabolism is key in any biological field and it helps ensure the survival of an organism. It does so by converting things like food that we ingest into energy via a series of somewhat complex biochemical reactions. This energy can then be used for a multitude of things including
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Explain how the body maintains homeostasis of serum (blood calcium) levels through the use of the thyroid and parathyroid gland. The body maintains homeostasis of serum levels through the use of the thyroid and parathyroid glands because the thyroid secretes calcitonin and the parathyroid secretes parathyroid hormone. Both of these hormones help regulate blood calcium levels. 4. Explain the role the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
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Jessica Sturla 11/10/2014 The Wonder Hormone San-Medica International is successful in creating an advertisement that grabs the reader’s attention and markets their “infamous” SeraVital‚ unfortunately for the consumer‚ the advertisement is full of nothing but fabrication‚ gimmicks‚ and lies. The intended consumer appears to be women (25 years or older) who are worried about aging‚ gaining weight‚ lacking energy‚ and simply not being “sexy enough”. For example‚ the advertisement immediately grabs
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Thin-Layer Chromatography of Steroid Hormones Physiology Report 4.2 March 7th‚ 2012 By: Taryn Westerman Donald Fru Gloria Villarreal Julian Garcia Objective The purpose of this experiment was to test the solubility of various steroids in order to obtain more information about their structure. An unknown was also given to be included in the experiment. The test that was performed was thin-layer chromatography which required a glass plate. The known steroids used in this experiment were
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some capability for synthesis of the non-essential amino acids‚ amino acid remodeling‚ and conversion of non-amino acid carbon skeletons into amino acids and other derivatives that contain nitrogen. However‚ the liver is the major site of nitrogen metabolism in the body. In times of dietary surplus‚ the potentially toxic nitrogen of amino acids is eliminated via transaminations‚ deamination‚ and urea formation; the carbon skeletons are generally conserved as carbohydrate‚ via gluconeogenesis‚ or as
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CHAPTER 3 Maternal Physiology Michael C. Gordon Body Water Metabolism 42 Osmoregulation 43 Salt Metabolism 43 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 43 Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptide 44 Cardiovascular System 44 Heart 44 Cardiac Output 45 Arterial Blood Pressure and Systemic Vascular Resistance 46 Venous Pressure 47 Central Hemodynamic Assessment 47 Normal Changes That Mimic Heart Disease 47 Effect of Labor and the Immediate Puerperium 48 Respiratory System 49 Upper Respiratory
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