1 SN2 Reaction‚ Ionic Liquid (Group – hood) Background Reading Solomons and Fryhle Chapter 6 (Substitution/Elimination Reactions) Techniques: Weights and Measures‚ Reflux‚ Liquid-Liquid Extraction‚ Distillation. Introduction The SN2 reaction is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction where the nucleophile (a molecule with a free pair of electrons) reacts with an alkyl halide and replaces the halogen (for more details see Solomons and Fryle‚ Chapter 6). The nucleophile approaches
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be able to survive. This paper discusses the anatomy and physiology of blood in a brief review. Anatomy and Physiology of Blood The blood is made up of four main components. These are plasma‚ red blood cells‚ white blood cells and platelets. The blood is circulated throughout the body by one of two types of vessels; arteries or veins. This blood is known as whole blood‚ “a mixture of about 55 percent plasma and 45 percent blood cells.” (http://www.hematology.org) Plasma is a water like liquid
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Mechanism of Human Behavior RECEIVING MECHANISM RECEPTOR an organ or cell able to respond to light‚ heat‚ or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve. a region of tissue‚ or a molecule in a cell membrane‚ that responds specifically to a particular neurotransmitter‚ hormone‚ antigen‚ or other substance. EYES & VISUAL SENSATION The human eye is capable of seeing only a tiny portion of the electromagnetic spectrum‚ a portion known as visible light. The eye is a highly
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gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released in the hypothalamus and travels to the anterior pituitary of the brain‚ thus increasing levels of follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH). The brain acts directly on the follicle cells (in the follicular phase) and the corpus luteum (in the luteal phase) to stimulate a response. The result of hormonal secretions of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary along with the ovarian and uterine cycle is menstruation. The overall cycle
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Sample Physiology MCQs 1. Compound action potentials can be graded responses. True 2. The sciatic nerve contains axons of both afferent and efferent neurones. True 3. The absolute refractory period of an action potential is the period after an initial stimulus when it is impossible to evoke another action potential with a second stimulus. True 4. The refractory periods of individual axons are important as they dictate the maximal action potential firing rate of a neuron. True 5. Compound action
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Summary Transport Economics Inhoud Inhoud 1 Chapter 3 3 3.1 definitions 3 3.2 determinants of demand 3 3.3 Peak problem in road transport 4 3.4 elasticity of demand 5 3.5 Market price 6 3.6 market welfare 6 3.7 9/11 and the effects on the market 7 3.8 The problem of rural demand 7 Chapter 4 7 4.1 Definitions 7 4.2 Classification of costs according to their nature 7 4.3 Classification of costs according to their scale 8 4.4 Other types of cost important in TEM 9 4.5 Classification
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covered in lecture may appear on the exam. Membrane Transport 1. Describe the cell permeability and membrane transport. What can enter/exit the cell on its own? What requires assistance? Why? 2. Describe membrane potential. What is it? How is it established? How does it influence the transport of charged molecules? What are the components of the electrochemical gradient? 3. What are the different types of membrane transport? Describe each in detail. Which move solutes with their
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HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISMS Heat energy is being transferred from one location to another because of a temperature difference. The three mechanisms for heat transfer are: • Conduction. When you grip the hot handle of a pan on a stove‚ you feel conduction in action. Heat flows from the pan and along the length of the handle to its cooler free end. This is because one end of the rod is held at the high temperature‚ and the other end stays at the lower temperature. Although the rod itself doesn’t
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Task 2a: A system of transport is found within most multi-cellular organisms enabling the growth of these organisms to be greater than those single-cellular organisms. The transport system enables the rapid delivery of nutrients and oxygen as well as the removal of waste products such as carbon dioxide from all the cells within the body in order for them to survive. All cells within the body require the intake of substances from the environment and the removal of any unwanted substances. Within a
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Anatomy and physiology of the brain and spinal cord The brain is a spongy organ made up of nerve and supportive tissues. It is located in the head and is protected by a bony covering called the skull. The base‚ or lower part‚ of the brain is connected to the spinal cord. Together‚ the brain and spinal cord are known as the central nervous system (CNS). The spinal cord contains nerves that send information to and from the brain. The CNS works with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS
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