is pumped by the heart and circulated through the body via a system of arteries and veins. It is an essential component of the body and without it we would not be able to survive. This paper discusses the anatomy and physiology of blood in a brief review. Anatomy and Physiology of Blood The blood is made up of four main components. These are plasma‚ red blood cells‚ white blood cells and platelets. The blood is circulated throughout the body by one of two types of vessels; arteries or veins
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Human Physiology Lab Special Senses Cutaneous Senses and Vision September 24/26‚ 2012 Our bodies are capable of sensing a wide spectrum of stimuli. We are consciously aware of some of the information our bodies perceive‚ but much of the information that is sensed is beyond our consciousness. Receptors responsible for perception of stimuli are found in many places: skin‚ eyes‚ ears‚ mouth‚ blood vessels‚ lungs‚ brain—frankly‚ every cell in the body has sensory receptors. These receptors are
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FROG MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY 2) What was the smallest voltage required to produce max contraction? What proportion of the muscle fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this maximal response? Muscle fibers act in response to isolated stimuli in an all or none fashion. However‚ a muscle organ‚ such as the gastrocnemius muscle‚ is composed of many individual muscle fibers. It is known that all of the fibers in a muscle do not have the same threshold and that a stimulus applied to
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CHAPTER 1 Coagulation Pathway and Physiology Jerry B. Lefkowitz‚ MD Introduction Our understanding of blood clotting is intimately tied to the history of civilization. With the advent of writing 5000 years ago‚ it could be argued that the first symbols used for blood‚ bleeding‚ or clotting represented the first published coagulation pathway. The ancient peoples of the world always held blood in utmost mystical esteem. Through the ages‚ this esteem has been transmitted to modern times in the
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Lab Report: Exercise 5: Cardiovascular Physiology Type the answers to the following questions into the document. Save the file as YourLastName_Ex5LabReport.rtf and submit for grading via the associated assignment link. Activity 1: Heart Sounds 1. What is the cardiac cycle? The cardiac cycle is one complete heart beat. During the cycle each atrium and ventricle will contract and relax once. THe contraction of the chamber is called systole and the relaxation is called diastole. The average
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Laboratory – Muscle Physiology A. MUSCLE TONUS Observations‚ Report and Conclusion: A. Define muscle tonus and give its importance * Muscle tonus refers to a state of slight muscular contraction maintained by synchronous impulses of low frequency‚ discharged by the spinal motor neurons. * Reflex in nature. * Muscle tonus is a small amount of tension in the muscle due to weak‚ involuntary contractions of its motor units. Muscle tonus is important in a sense that it governs the
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The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Skin Abstract The 5-HT3 receptor is a ligand-gated cation channel located in the central and peripheral nervous system; it has also been detected on a variety of other cells. In the periphery‚ it is found on autonomic neurons and on neurons of the sensory and enteric nervous system. In the CNS‚ the 5-HT3 receptor has been localized in the area postrema‚ nucleus tractus solitarii‚ nucleus vaudatus‚ nucleus accumbens‚ amygdala‚ hippocampus‚ entorhinal‚
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Shier‚ Butler‚ and Lewis: Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology‚ 13th ed. Chapter 7: Skeletal System Chapter 7: Skeletal System I. Introduction (Outcome 7.1.1) 1. Bones include active‚ living tissues: _____________________ __________________________________________________________________ (Outcome 7.1.2) 2. Bones: support and protect _________________‚ provide points of __________________________‚ house _________________‚ and store _____________________
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MALE REPRODUCTION MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY Testis - 2 compartments: interstitial tissue containing the Leydig cells that synthesize and secrete testosterone and the seminiferous tubules that produce spermatozoa and contain Sertoli cells Leydig cells and testosterone synthesis - Leydig cells mainly produce testosterone - T is a prohormone for synthesis of estradiol (vs. aromatase) and DHT (via. 5-alpha-reductase) - many effects of T are mediated via estradiol (esp in
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Anatomy and physiology of the brain and spinal cord The brain is a spongy organ made up of nerve and supportive tissues. It is located in the head and is protected by a bony covering called the skull. The base‚ or lower part‚ of the brain is connected to the spinal cord. Together‚ the brain and spinal cord are known as the central nervous system (CNS). The spinal cord contains nerves that send information to and from the brain. The CNS works with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS
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