Laboratory – Muscle Physiology A. MUSCLE TONUS Observations‚ Report and Conclusion: A. Define muscle tonus and give its importance * Muscle tonus refers to a state of slight muscular contraction maintained by synchronous impulses of low frequency‚ discharged by the spinal motor neurons. * Reflex in nature. * Muscle tonus is a small amount of tension in the muscle due to weak‚ involuntary contractions of its motor units. Muscle tonus is important in a sense that it governs the
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Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Frogs & Human Subjects (1‚ 2‚ 5-8‚ 10-12‚ 14-16) 1. There is a greatr concentration of Na+ f ; there is a greater concentration of K+ e . When the stimulus is delivered‚ the ermeability of the membrane at that point is changed; and c ‚ initiating the depolarization of the membrane. Almost as soon as the depolarization wave has begun‚ a repolarization wave follows it across the membrane. This occurs as b . Repolarization restores the h of the resting cell membrane
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Stimulus-Dependent Lab A motor unit is a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it controls. A whole muscle is made up of hundreds of motor units that are handled by different motor neurons that react at different levels of stimulation. The electric shock acts as an action potential by changing the membrane permeability allowing the sodium and potassium ions to pass through. At different levels of stimulation the motor neurons stimulate a motor unit and the more stimulation the more motor units become
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ions during contraction of a skeletal muscle? Calcium is an important element for live. Calcium is found in the bones of animals and humans. In muscle contraction is produce as a result of Calcium ions ‚ Ca2+‚ It comes from rapid release from the cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum which cause a chemical reaction between ATP and the myofilaments. Another important function of Calcium ions occurs during the state of resting muscle. During the state of resting muscle‚ calcium Ion is “maintaining
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2017 Motor Unit Recruitment and Muscle Fatigue Lab Introduction Human skeletal muscles are made up of hundreds of cylindrically-shaped cells called myofibers‚ and they are bound together by connective tissue. These muscles are stimulated to contract by somatic motor nerves‚ or motor neurons‚ that carry signals in the form of nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord‚ to the skeletal muscles. Although a motor neuron can innervate several fibers‚ each muscle fiber can only be innervated by one
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total kinetic energy of the two systems is conserved then the collision is known as elastic. If the kinetic energy is not conserved‚ then the collision is inelastic. H = g/2 x t^2 x = v_xt v_x = x √g/2(H) m_b v_x = (m_b+ m_p)V V^2 = 2gh h = l (1 - cosϴ) Apparatus: CENCO Ballistic Pendulum‚ meter stick‚ carbon paper‚ 2 sheets of white paper‚ metal ball‚ plumb bob. Procedure: In preparation to fire the metal ball from the spring gun‚ we moved the pendulum arm to its maximum position and
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quiz 2 TCO 2) A statement that reports inflows and outflows of cash during the accounting period in the categories of operations‚ investing‚ and financing‚ is called a(an): Income statement Statement of retained earnings Balance sheet Statement of cash flows Report of management Question 2. Question : (TCO 2) Two major methods of asset valuation are: : historical cost and future cost historical cost and acquisition cost historical cost and replacement cost acquisition cost and future cost
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enzyme activity in skeletal muscle‚ particularly the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH is a glycolytic enzyme which converts pyruvate to lactate in the following equation: LDH Pyruvate+ NADH ------------ Lactate + NAD The reaction above can move in both directions‚ forward (favored by Type II skeletal muscle) and reverse (favored by Type I skeletal muscle and the heart). Enzyme
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Thato’s muscle had remained unused for 6 weeks. Once the cast is removed and he steps down from the examination table‚ his muscle begins to contract. Due to this 6 week period of rest‚ the muscles initial strength of contraction may be significantly low as compared to its strength a few minutes later. The strength of contraction of his muscle increases to a plateau‚ which is termed the staircase effect. Due to his muscles low initial strength of contraction‚ Thato loses his balance and falls. 1
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Introduction: Skeletal muscle cells are specialized cells that contain multinucleated muscle fibers called myocytes. These myocytes contain thicker fibers that facilitate the release of calcium‚ the generation of an action potential within the sarcolemma‚ and the subsequent production of a muscle contraction. Muscle contractions are a direct byproduct of motor unit recruitment‚ and for this lab we can examine these effects with aid of a finger pulse transducer and a bar stimulus electrode. The
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