AUDIT EXPECTATIONS GAP Definition i) Liggio (1974a) defines it as the difference between the levels of expected performance as envisioned by the independent accountant and by the user of financial statements. The Cohen Commission (1978) on auditors’ responsibility extended this definition by considering whether a gap may exist between what the public expects or needs and what auditors can and should reasonably expect to accomplish. ii) According to Guy and Sullivan (1988)‚ there is a
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Marketing audit for mulberry Macroenvironment: Political/legal -Mulberry always need to be aware of the latestlegislation‚ so they take out the right policies and do notbreak the law. - International trade policy especially for asian market. Economical -key unit costs.The rise in the price of popular fabric used by Mulberry‚ such as cotton and leather‚ means prices of bags will increase. -Rising Asian market. In china‚ the sale volume for the luxury brand bag increased up to the 60%. Japan
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Methods of Brand Valuation The various methods of brand valuation can be placed into four categories: (1) cost-based approaches; (2) market-based approaches; (3) income-based approaches; and (4) formulary approaches incorporating future benefits or comparative advantages. Cost-based Approaches This method considers the costs involved in creating the brand through the stages of research and development of the product concept‚ market testing‚ continued promotion during commercialization
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We do not believe that the auditors from Friehling & Horowitz exercised due care and maintained professional skepticism throughout the audit. According to the AICPA website‚ “due professional care imposes a responsibility upon each professional within an independent auditor’s organization to observe the standards of field work and reporting” (AICPA). This is because the auditors should have been skeptical of Madoff’s bank account and Chase and should have looked into what that bank account was
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BRAND PERSONALITY - THE RELATIONSHIP BASIS MODEL Some people may never aspire to have the personality of a competent leader but would like to have a relationship with one‚ especially if they need a banker or a lawyer. A trustworthy‚ dependable‚ conservative personality might be boring but might nonetheless reflect characteristics valued in a financial advisor‚ a lawn service‚ or even a car – consider the Volvo brand personality. The concept of a relationship between a brand and a person (analogous
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Strategic Audit Is Apple Products Generic (iPod‚ iPhone‚ iPad)? Group No. 5- Ghanshyam Bheda (104) Kritika Gupta (311) Shikhar Mehra (314) Shivani Saxena (319) Sidharth Aneja (322) Suman Rathi (324) Ritwa Lokhandwala (330) Prabhudha Kushagra (336) Introduction Music Player Category MP3 player or Digital Audio Player is a consumer electronics device that is capable of storing and playing digital media such as audio‚ images‚ video‚ documents‚ etc. the data is typically stored on a hard drive‚ Microdrive
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AUDIT PLANNING AND CONTROL 1.0 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter‚ readers should be able to understand: ! The general concept of audit strategy. ! The Importance of audit strategy as an effective plan for an audit. ! Internal control systems‚ evaluation and assessment. ! Audit documentation. ! Relationship with experts. ! Audit risks and its relative importance to audit. ! Components of audit risks. ! How to assess audit risks. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Auditing has developed over many years
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Morrison’s Marketing Audit Table of Contents Executive summary Morrison’s is the fourth largest supermarket chain in the UK. Its competitive position has been assessed throughout the marketing audit presented below. As the findings suggest‚ the company is vulnerable to number of forces in the internal and the external environment‚ most notably the competition and the declining sales. Introduction The UK economy has suffered significant blows during the aftermath of the most recent financial
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average d. median average 3. easy d Auditors are responsible for determining whether financial statements are materially misstated‚ so upon discovering a material misstatement they must bring it to the attention of: a. regulators. b. the audit firm’s managing partner. c. no one in particular. d. the client’s management. 4. easy c The FASB definition of materiality emphasizes what class of financial statement users? a. Regulators. b. Informed investors. c. Reasonable persons
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How to measure brand image: a reasoned review Luca Cian‚ Ross Business School‚ University of Michigan‚ USA* The aim of this paper is to review the most important tools and methods used to analyse and measure the brand image. Both traditional and innovative measurements have been considered‚ including attitude scales‚ Q-Sort‚ Natural Grouping‚ Kelly Repertory Grid‚ Laddering‚ Benefit Chain‚ Projective Techniques‚ Brand Personality‚ and Brand Narration. Considering the number of tools presented‚
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