ENQUIRE‚ Volume 1‚ Issue 1‚ June 2008 Measuring Personality Constructs: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Reports‚ Informant Reports and Behavioural Assessments Jennifer Dodorico McDonald University of Cambridge jad64@hermes.cam.ac.uk Abstract Achieving construct validity‚ or using measures that accurately represent particular theoretical constructs‚ is an important goal of social science research. This article reviews arguments regarding the strengths and limitations of personality
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The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980) had a superior impact in cognitive development study. He suggested that everybody goes through a series of universal stages of cognitive development in a specific sequence‚ focusing his attention on the cognitive change occurring when children move from one stage to the next. According Piaget‚ the information quantity as well as the quality of knowledge‚ changes among those stages (Feldman‚ 2008). Piaget’s learning theory of cognitive development covers
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Cognitive development is closely related to musical development and learning. Jean Piaget developed theories of the cognitive development in children. Musicologists have developed theories on how musical development has cognitive components. Cognitive development is acquired through interaction with an environment‚ just as musical development is acquired through interaction with a musical environment. Jean Piaget on Cognitive Development Cognitive development is the investigation of how mental
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formed in the youngest years of a child’s life (Wells‚ Encyclopedia of Children’s Health). Jean Piaget originated and based his work in Switzerland. He had a PhD in Zoology‚ which he used to develop a biologically rooted theory named the “Theory of Cognitive Development‚” describing the advancements in this form of development from birth to adolescence in four universal stages (Central Michigan University‚ Piaget and Beyond). Lev Vygotsky was born in Western
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passive way that does not require conscious choice and attention. The purpose of this paper is to share different theoretical perspectives about active and passive learning held by Piaget and Erikson. The following section will provide an overview of Piaget’s perspective. Then an overview of Erikson’s theory is discussed. Piaget believed that learning is an active process that requires continuous adativity to one’s environment. As a result‚ this active process requires ongoing intellectual curiosity
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One of the most influential theories on cognitive development comes from Jean Piaget‚ a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher. To Piaget‚ cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. His ideas have generated a lot of research into cognitive development which has significantly improved our understanding on the topic. He is well-known for his studies with children and his theory that cognitive
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information. According to Piaget‚ our thinking processes change radically‚ though slowly‚ from birth to maturity because we constantly strive to make sense of our world. He also believed that all people pass through the same four stages (sensorimotor‚ preoperational‚ concrete operational‚ and formal operational) in the exact same order. These four stages are required for one to gain understanding of his or her world. As a result of Jean Piaget’s early research in Biology‚ Piaget concluded that all species
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Piaget’s (18961980) theory of moral development was based on his cognitive developmental theory. Piaget stated that children’s moral reasoning developed through a number of different stages similar to that of cognitive development. (Eysenck‚ M 2002) Piaget played games of marbles with children of different ages. He wanted to observe their understanding of the rules of that game and how important they thought it was to obey the rules. The findings from this study led Piaget to propose the following stages of moral development; fr
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concrete operational stage (7-11 years old) which states that children’s reasoning becomes more logical and focused. And the formal operational stage (11-adulthood) which states that children develop the ability to think in more abstract ways. Overall‚ Piaget believed that nature and nurture interact in order to yield cognitive
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The orthodox current claims that the transformations triggered by the Hoplite Reform took place in an abrupt and sudden manner‚ and‚ thus‚ can be categorized as an intense revolution. Kagan and Viggiano claim for a precipitated change in the archaic Greek structure and perception of warfare beginning with Homer’s epics. Such evolution of the fighting style‚ from the individual combat between hero-aristocrats to the massive engagement
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