External Factors Nutrition Having a healthy diet and getting the right nutrition is essential for the growth of children’s development years. This helps children become physically strong‚ healthy and also the brain can reach its full potential‚ eating healthy can reduce the risk of diseases and vitamin deficiencies. It is important children eat healthy fresh food and not processed foods as they have high levels of salt‚ fat and sugar and this can lead to obesity. Education Children need
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“critical experiences.” There are four broad theoretical perspectives that guide practice in early childhood development: behaviourism and social learning theory‚ cognitive-developmental theory‚ sociocultural theory‚ and ecological systems theory. B. F. Skinner (1904–1990) is most noted
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unique ideas and theories about various components of human development. I will be discussing the contributions of each of these theorists. To begin with we have the psychoanalytic school of psychology. This would include Sigmund Freud‚ Erik Erikson‚ and Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. I will begin with Sigmund Freud who was the actual founder of psychoanalysis. Freud was born in1856‚ in Moravia. Because he was the founder of this school many theories that developed later were often compared to his
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Educational Psychology Development 27 October 2013 Jean Piaget was an influential psychologist who created the Theory of Cognitive Development‚ which consisted of four stages. He believed that when humans are in their infancy‚ childhood‚ and adolescence‚ they try to understand the world through experiments. During cognitive development‚ children are little scientists that create experiments and conclusions on how to adapt to the world. By the time children become adults‚ they will be able
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children’s learning. Through such social interactions‚ children go through a continuous process of learning. Vygotsky noted‚ however‚ that culture profoundly influenced this process. Imitation‚ guided learning‚ and collaborative learning all play a critical part in his theory. (About.com‚ 2015) Unlike Piaget’s notion that children’s’ development must necessarily precede their learning‚ Vygotsky argued‚ "learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized‚ specifically
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studied‚ and understood—underlies much of the curricular and instructional decision-making that occurs in education. Constructivism‚ perhaps the most current psychology of learning‚ is no exception. Initially based on the work of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky‚ and then supported and extended by contemporary biologists and cognitive scientists‚ it is having major ramifications on the goals teachers set for the learners with whom they work‚ the instructional strategies teachers employ in working
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look at the different models‚ theories of social work and the factors that may have influence social work practice. The physical‚ psychological‚ socio-cultural‚ environmental and politico-economical are the factors that Bowlby (1999)‚ Erikson (1995)‚ Freud and Piaget (1977) have mentioned in their theories and the author will explore‚ discuses and examine them. The factors and the theories are numerous to cover in the essay of this size‚ and with this in mind the author is looking at examining same
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about behaviourism and how children learn from life experiences. ‘Behaviourist claims that we are what we are‚ not because of innate intelligence or genetic factors‚ but solely due to our life experiences’. Potter (cited in Jacques et al 2004:63). Skinner‚ a pioneer in behaviourism‚ believed that behaviour could be controlled through ‘conditioning’‚ the act of rewarding desired behaviour (positive reinforcement) and ignoring undesired behaviour (negative reinforcement). Many of Skinner’s theories branch
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to animals has the same colour. BF Skinner was also another behaviourist theorist‚ he did an experiment on a rat in a cage‚ he put some food on the food pallet for the rat‚ the rat accidently put its foot on the lever and food came out. So the rat did this few time and knew that if the rat puts the foot on the lever food would come out‚ this type of experiment was positive reinforcement. On the opposite Skinner experimented on the negative reinforcement. Skinner investigated this by giving the rat
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the discovery that the sound alone caused a dog to salivate after numerous appearances of the conditioned stimulus‚ gave rise to a number of behaviorist approaches. Behaviorist’s‚ such as B.F. Skinner‚ highlight learning as a progression of developing associations between stimuli and responses. Skinner considered the greatest way to appreciate behavior is by examining the causes of an action and the consequences. He called this approach operant conditioning (McLeod‚ 2007). Simply put‚ if a child
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