to Raman spectrometer which can provide a sample irradiation diameter of up to 1 μm. A polarized unit system is mounted onto the microscope which offers a clear view of the area under investigation‚ necessary for positioning the beam on individual pigment particles. The lower laser powers (up to 0.5 mW) were used to avoid inducing thermal changes to the mineralogy of the iron oxide minerals. Typical exposure time of the CCD was 20s per scan‚ while normally 5 up to 20 accumulations were co-added to
Premium Ancient Egypt Egypt Great Pyramid of Giza
ACUTE POSTERIOR MULTIFOCAL PLACOID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY (APMPPE) SUMMARY A 19 year-old Army active duty white male‚ presented to the optometry clinic with sudden onset of decreased vision and a constant area of central blurry vision in the right eye for 1½ weeks. The patient noted similar‚ less prominent symptoms in the left eye. Ocular examination revealed multiple circumscribed‚ flat‚ cream colored lesions in the posterior pole‚ originating from the macular area with presentation
Premium Retina Eye
Succulence was determined according to the following equation: Succulence = Fresh Weight/Oven Dry Weight…………………........................................................(1) Measurement of Relative Water Content (RWC%);Relative Turgidity (RT %): Relative water content was estimated according to a modification of the method of Weatherly (1950); Weatherly and Barr (1962); Slatyer (1957);Fletcher et al. (1988)on the final day of the experiment and was calculated by the formula given byKramer (1983).Detached
Premium Water Temperature Thermodynamics
Effects of the Pigmentation of an Onion Cell within 40% Ethanol and Deionized Water Purpose: To measure the amount of pigment in a solution of 40% ethanol and deionized water both containing pieces of an onion with a spectrometer. Hypothesis: 40% ethanol breaks down the cell creating less surface area and spreading out the pigment while the deionized water absorbs the pigment in a greater surface area. Procedure: Add 10ml of deionized water and 40% ethanol to a 6-dram vial Add 6g of chopped onion
Premium Experiment Onion Scientific method
Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is used to convert inorganic compounds into organic substances with the subsequent release. There are many factors which can have an effect on the process of photosynthesis; in this laboratory experiment‚ the focus lies on carbon dioxide (CO2) availably and its effect on photosynthesis. By understanding the component that affect the rate of photosynthesis‚ one can do work to try and increase the rate of photosynthesis. The purpose of this laboratory
Premium Photosynthesis Plant Oxygen
led to the final product of the pencil. These two lesson are also shown in my own version of “I‚ Pencil”; “I‚ Lipstick.” Part 2: I‚ Lipstick‚ am a cosmetic known to most women. I enhance and add color to lips. I am made up of waxes‚ oils‚ and pigments. I am mostly made up of Carnauba wax. This wax is a natural vegetable wax from the leaves of a palm tree known as Copernica Cerifera. This tree is grown in Brazil. The tree exudes a wax through its fan-shaped leaves. This process starts with someone
Premium Domestic sheep
The Influence of Hair Color on the Concentration Zinc and Copper in Boys’ Hair1 JOSÉ DOREA2 ANDSUELI ESSADO PEREIRA G. Nutrition Laboratory‚ Faculdade de Ciencias da Saude‚ Universidade de Brasilia‚ 70910 Brasilia DP‚ Brazil of ABSTRACT Head hair of 150 normal boys from Brazil ranging in age from 1 to 12 years was studied for the influence of color on concentrations of zinc and copper. Hair color was classified visually and also quantified by melanin concentra tion. Visual classification
Premium Hair Color Hair color
OCR gateway Core C1 revision notes Anything written in purple is for higher tier Exam tips are in red Fossil Fuels 3 types Coal (made from dead plants that lived millions of years ago) Crude oil (made from dead sea creatures that lived millions of years ago) Natural gas (made from dead sea creatures that lived millions of years ago) Key words to learn Non-renewable- fossil fuels are said to be this as we are using them up faster than they can be made Finite- these will run out if we
Premium Oxygen Carbon dioxide Carbon
Paulo César Stringheta‚ and Milton Cano Chauca Anthocyanin in spinach vine (Basella rubra) fruits Experimental t-test In conclusion‚ the pigment extracted from the fruits of spinach vine (B. rubra) was more stable at pH 5 and pH 6. Increases in temperature and the presence of light affected the stability of this pigment. Results demonstrate that this pigment exhibits good stability and could be applied to foods as a natural food color. The study is limited to the stability of anthocyanin in spinach
Premium Gram staining Staining
Variagated Leaves Total absence of plastid pigments causes a sector of a leaf or stem to have white patches. This condition is termed variegation (Metrosideros). Variegation is produced when there is a cell mutation (cytological chimera)‚ and all cells produced from that mutant mother cell lack the pigments‚ either because plastids are not present or the plastid cannot complete the manufacture of the pigment apparatus. White‚ therefore‚ is where color is missing. The zones where chloroplasts are
Premium Photosynthesis Plant physiology Plant