Above the kidneys are two yellowish- orange colored glands that are approximately two and half by one inch called the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands play a very important role in secreting hormones and protecting the body from stress. The adrenal glands are composed of two parts‚ the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex is the outer part of the adrenal gland that produces steroid hormones that regulate many different body functions. Not only that‚ but a hormone called aldosterone
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Addison’s Disease‚ Adrenal gland dysfunction is typically related to a maladaption to stress‚ as first reported by Hans Selye in the general adaptation theory (GAS). [pic] The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) In order to develop a general theory for the physiological response of humans and animals to stress‚ Hans Selye‚ former director of Experimental Medicine and Surgery at the University of Montreal‚ performed an integrated analysis of the effects of stress on adrenal gland function. He called
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There are many various conditions and diseases affecting the endocrine system. Here we will discuss several and describe the endocrine gland‚ hormone‚ target tissue‚ symptoms‚ causes‚ and treatment options. The human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test is done to check for the hormone hCG in blood or urine (Staff‚ 2012). The hCG hormone is made during pregnancy by the placenta or can be abnormally made by certain tumors. The hCG test can be performed to test if a woman is pregnant or not‚ as part
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stretch throughout the body to form the peripheral nervous system. The CNS is the coordinator and “decision maker” in the nervous system‚ and the PNS is sending the information as sensory input and receives instructions as motor output to muscles and glands. The autonomic nervous system has some elements in the CNS and it shares some nerves with the PNS. The ANS has its own nerve chain along side the spinal cord. The ANS primarily deals with “automatic” work such as blood pressure control and heart rate
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Addison’s Disease Rachel Phelps Addison’s disease (also known as chronic adrenal insufficiency‚ hypocortisolism or hypocorticism) is a rare endocrine disorder in which the adrenal gland produces insufficient amounts of steroid hormones . It may develop in children as well as adults‚ and may occur as the result of a large number of underlying causes. The condition is named after Dr Thomas Addison‚ the British physician who first described the condition in his 1855 On the Constitutional and Local
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[4] (b) State the main function of the following: (i) Chordae tendinae It holds the valves of the heart in place. (ii) Lymphocytes (iii) Beta cells of pancreas Production of insulin. [3] (c) Give the exact location of the: (i) Thyroid gland Below larynx above pharynx in front of the neck. (ii) Mitral valve. On the left side of the heart. [2] (d) Given below are sets of five terms each. In each case rewrite the terms in logical sequence as directed at the
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homeostasis of serum (blood calcium) levels through the use of the thyroid and parathyroid gland. The body maintains homeostasis of serum levels through the use of the thyroid and parathyroid glands because the thyroid secretes calcitonin and the parathyroid secretes parathyroid hormone. Both of these hormones help regulate blood calcium levels. 4. Explain the role the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
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according to the view here propounded‚ is the function of the adrenal medulla at times of great emergency.’ ” Epinephrine‚ more commonly known as Adrenaline‚ is a naturally occurring hormone. It is a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. Strong emotions such as fear or anger cause epinephrine to be released into the bloodstream‚ which causes an increase in heart rate‚ muscle strength‚ blood pressure‚ and sugar metabolism. This reaction‚ known as the “Flight or Fight Response” prepares
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cases‚ can be fatal. The various forms of CAH represent defects in the different stages of corticosteroid synthesis‚ usually hydroxylation reactions at certain positions on the original CAH is a family of inherited disorders affecting the adrenal glands. The most common form is 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD)‚ which is inherited in severe or mild forms. The severe form‚ called Classical CAH‚ is usually detected in the newborn period or in early childhood. The milder form‚ called Non-classical
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Cortisol is produced excessively. The excessive production of cortisol occurs when there is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor is formed at the anterior of the pituitary gland. This leads to the secretion of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH). ACTH is normally produced by the pituitary gland‚ and causes the stimulation of the adrenal glands resulting in the production of cortisol also known as the stress hormone (http://pituitary.ucla.edu/cushings-disease). Identifying Cushing’s disease Identifying the
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