BUSINESS CYCLES Trend and cycle of the business cycle Phases of the cycle Pro‐cyclical‚ counter‐cyclical‚ and a‐cyclical variables Lead‚ lagged‚ and contemporary variables Stylized facts and cyclical behavior of key macroeconomic variables 2 BUSINESS CYCLES Over time GDP grows but not in a linear way GDP 2006 constant prices (in logs) 6.5 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 3 BUSINESS CYCLES Time Series Components 1. 2. 3. 4. Trend (long‐run) Cycle (short‐run)
Premium Standard deviation Menstrual cycle
"Economics" gives the following definition of the business cycle: The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movements in economic activity‚ measured by fluctuations in real GDP and other macroeconomic variables. If you’re looking for information on how various economic indicators and their relationship to the business cycle‚ please see A Beginner’s Guide to Economic Indicators. Parkin and Bade go on to explain: A business cycle is not a regular‚ predictable‚ or repeating phenomenon
Premium Keynesian economics Public finance Macroeconomics
The Main Parts of the Water Cycle The main parts of the water cycle are evaporation‚ condensation‚ and precipitation. They go together in a circle/cycle called the water cycle. None of these parts can be missing. (Well‚ everything in the water cycle is needed.) Evaporation- Evaporation is when water turns into water vapor and flows up into the sky. You can’t see it because it’s now gas and gas is invisible. Evaporation usually happens on hot‚ rainy days because the sun’s energy
Premium Water Precipitation Rain
THE ROCK CYCLE ● ● ● ● There are three main types of rocks: igneous‚ sedimentary‚ and metamorphic. Each of these types of rocks are formed in different ways and each type of rock can be changed into the other types of rock. This process is called the Rock Cycle. The rock cycle is the process that makes and recycles rocks. IGNEOUS ROCKS ● ● ● ● ● ● Igneous rocks are formed from magma. Magma cools and solidifies into rock. When igneous rocks are exposed on the surface‚ time and weather break the
Premium Igneous rock Rock Sedimentary rock
Cycles in Biology Cycles in biology play a fundamental role in the world that we live in. Cycles occur all around and inside of us in many different forms‚ from the Krebs to the Calvin cycle. There are large scale cycles happening and they are essential in regulating the nutrients and substances that are around us which without‚ life on earth could no function. One of the largest cycles that occurs all around us is in everyday life is the carbon cycle. The current atmospheric
Free Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide Nitrogen
where does the water cycle gets its energy from? the water cycle gets the energy from the sun. why do we need the water cycle? since 97% of the earth is covered by salt water we can not drink it. we can remove salt from water but it could be very expensive. how does water get into oceans? when clouds can’t hold any more water it comes as precipitation and lands in the ocean. what is the water cycle made up of? it is made up of six different traits. condensation‚infiltration‚runoff‚ evaporation‚ precipitation
Premium Water Water cycle
The Public Budget Cycle of the Bureau of Prisons Name: Institution Affiliation: Course: Date: The bureau of prisons is a program that was established in 1930. Its main purpose was to offer inmates in federal prisons more progressive and humane care. As an agency of the Department of Justice‚ it has the sole purpose of confining offenders and facilitating their correction. Ultimately‚ this results in the agency protecting the society. (Behren & Korfona‚ 2002) However‚ the agency faces certain
Premium Separation of powers Legislature Federal government of the United States
Oxygen cycle From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation‚ search The oxygen cycle. The Oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of oxygen within its three main reservoirs: the atmosphere (air)‚ the total content of biological matter within the biosphere (the global sum of all ecosystems)‚ and the lithosphere (Earth ’s crust). Failures in the oxygen cycle within the hydrosphere (the combined mass of water found on‚ under‚ and over the surface of a planet)
Premium Oxygen
الله الرحمن الرحيم السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته Water cycle The Earth ’s water is always in movement‚ and the water cycle‚ also known as the hydrologic cycle‚ describes the continuous movement of water on‚ above‚ and below the surface of the Earth. Since the water cycle is truly a "cycle‚" there is no beginning or end. Water can change states among liquid‚ vapor‚ and ice at various places in the water cycle‚ with these processes happening in the blink of an eye and over millions
Premium Water
The phosphorous cycle Done By: Jamila Richardson and Janice Foster Teacher: Mr. Hunter School: Quality Academics Table of contents What is the Phosphorus Cycle……………………………………… 1 Description of Phosphorus …………………………………………. 1 Pictures………………………………………………………………2-3 Description of the Cycle…………………………………………….4-6 Human Influences……………………………………………………7 Bibliography………………………………………………………….8 What is the Phosphorus cycle? The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the
Premium Fertilizer Plant