The cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms‚ such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa; others‚ such as nerve‚ liver‚ and muscle cells‚ are specialized components of multi-cellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like mycoplasmas‚ which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter‚ to the egg yolks of ostriches‚ which are about 8 cm (about 3 in) in diameter. Although they may differ widely in appearance and function‚ all cells
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Excellent; I couldn’ t have written a better paper myself. DIVERSITY OF PLANTS Plants evolved more than 430 million years ago from multicellular green algae. By 300 million years ago‚ trees had evolved and formed forests‚ within which the diversification of vertebrates‚ insects‚ and fungi occurred. Roughly 266‚000 species of plants are now living. The two major groups of plants are the bryophytes and the vascular plants; the latter group consists of nine divisions that have living members. Bryophytes
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a schoo Chapter 35 The Plant Body 1. Describe and compare the three basic organs of vascular plants. Explain how these basic organs are interdependent. The three basic organs of a vascular plant are the stems‚ leaves‚ and roots. The stems consist of nodes‚ where leaves attach‚ and internodes between the nodes. The stem is responsible for elongation of the plant and acts as a central axis for other organs to attach to. The roots help to anchor the plant as well as absorb water and nutrients
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Cells Cells Cell division and cancer Victoria Brothwell Strayer University Cells Introduction Regular cells and cancel cells are extremely different. Depending on the cancer that one may have cancer cells have more chromosomes that are scattered which is for why cancer cells are formed. In cell division all living things obtain cells in which come from other preexisting cells. If normal cells are do not divide and make new cells then cancer will occur. In order of all cells to be
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The uses of plants in developing and producing vaccines For thousands of years‚ society has been brought to the brink of disaster thanks to the spread of resilient diseases and the plague of hardy viruses. However‚ humans have been aware for just as long of medicinal defence mechanisms against these ailments. The ancient Egyptians and Romans‚ as well as the primitive islander and Aboriginal communities‚ knew that certain herbaceous matter could help heal the wounded and sick. In more recent times
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Astronomical numbers of photosynthetic cells had come and gone‚ and oxygen-producing types had changed the atmosphere. High above Earth‚ the sun’s energy had converted much of the oxygen into a dense ozone layer‚ a shield against lethal doses of ultraviolet radiation. Until then‚ life had not ventured above the surface of water and mud. Algae were evolving at the water’s edge‚ and one group – probably the charophytes – gave rise to plants. Cooksonia‚ a simple branching plant a few centimeters tall‚ evolved
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About Animals Essay In “A Change of Heart About Animals”‚ Jeremy Rifkin mentioned that animals are very similar to us. He said that animals feel pain‚ suffer‚ feel stress‚ affection‚ excitement‚ and even love (2). However‚ I don’t agree with Rifkin. I think animals are not more like us than we think they do. Rifkin’s point isn’t well supported. Most of h is examples aren’t backed up by well thought evidence. Rifkin used Koko‚ a gorilla‚ as an example saying that animals can be
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TOMATO PLANT 1) Seed: Tomato seeds are small‚ flat and disk shaped and about 1/8 inch wide. They contain two energy storage organs called cotyledons and an embryo encased in a hard outer shell called the seed coat. The seed is the dormant or resting stage of the plant life cycle. When young tomato plants are damaged‚ they tend to go into a dormant‚ survival stage in which plant growth is delayed for a while. Frost damage is something to look out for when planting tomatoes early on in the season
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acid rain Acid rain is rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic. It has harmful effects on plants‚ aquatic animals‚ and infrastructure. Acid rain is mostly caused by human emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds which react in the atmosphere to produce acids. In recent years‚ many governments have introduced laws to reduce these emissions. Emissions from volcanoes and those from biological processes that occur on the land‚ in wetlands‚ and in the oceans account for the
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The evolution of plants has resulted in increasing levels of complexity‚ from the earliest algal mats‚ through bryophytes‚ lycopods‚ ferns to the complex gymnosperms and angiosperms of today. While the groups which appeared earlier continue to thrive‚ especially in the environments in which they evolved‚ each new grade of organisation has eventually become more "successful" than its predecessors by most measures. Probably an algal scum formed on land 1‚200 million years ago. In the Ordovician period
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