IB SL Biology Lab Molecular Biology: Transformation and Electrophoresis Christina Qi 2/16/07 Aim: How can a plasmid be engineered to include a foreign piece of DNA and how does gel electrophoresis separate DNA molecules present in a mixture? Hypothesis: If the pGLO plasmid is inserted into competent Escherichia coli cells‚ then the transformed bacteria will be resistant to ampicillin and will glow green under UV light. If samples of DNA are cut using certain restriction
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number of isolates and plasmids in these studies limiting the genomic resolution of the analysis. Additionally‚ there have been limited studies comparing plasmid diversity among hospitral effluent samples. Furthermore‚ investigation of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities based solely on cultivable bacteria makes the assessment results unrepresentative and biased (Zhang et al.‚ 2011). Therefore‚ a metagenomic approach is needed for a more comprehensive overview of plasmids residing in hospital
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are sometimes called plasmids. Prokaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes‚ "packed" with a relatively large amount of protein. The prokaryotic chromosome is not contained within a nucleus but‚ rather‚ is found at the nucleolus. Prokaryotic genomes are composed of circular chromosomes. All attempts used; correct answer displayed Chapter 27 Question 13 Part A Prokaryotes’ essential genetic information is located in the ANSWER: nucleosome. plasmids. nucleolus. nucleoid
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rDNA amplicon with Hinf1 on 16s rDNA strains (II) The amplification and cloning of a specific stress gene given by * Designing primers for cloning * cloning stress gene into cloning vector (pGEM-T) * cloning stress gene into expression plasmid(pET23b) – not done Literature Review Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) LAB are defined as bacteria that produce lactic acid as their major fermentation production. The examples of LAB include Streptococcus‚ Enterococcus‚ Leuconostoc and Lactococcus
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Background on Genomic DNA Isolation and Purification Generally‚ all methods involve the disruption and lysis of cells. This is followed sometimes by the removal of RNA (by RNAses‚ salt or other methods). Choosing which method to use will depend on many selection factors including: DNA is isolated from proteins by several methods including digestion of proteins by the enzyme proteinase K. Proteins are removed subsequently by salting-out‚ organic extraction‚ or binding of the DNA to a solid-phase
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For many years‚ there has been controversy surrounding the morality of genetically modifying organisms. Some say it is unethical‚ as it is unnatural and may cause unwanted side effects (ex. mutations). Others say that genetic modification is absolutely acceptable since the changes create a stronger‚ healthier organism in the long run. In my paper‚ I will show you how the advantages of genetic modification greatly outweigh the disadvantages. Genetic engineering is a new technology‚ a fresh opportunity
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procedures of the affinity tagged fusion protein complexes which permit mass spectrophotometric analysis [1‚2 4‚5‚6‚7 and 8]. Optimization of the earlier steps within this experiment that serve as preliminary procedures needed to yield a purified plasmid product from the pGEM-T Easy (Promega) vector are described in detail. Future testing is needed before beginning recombineering‚ selection of homologous recombination and purification of the TAP-tagged RBM22 protein product. Introduction
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Genetic Transformation of Bacteria Abstract The transformation of bacteria was successfully carried out using a plasmid carrying a gene that codes for green fluorescent protein‚ which gives a signature green glow reminiscent of a jellyfish. This gene‚ however‚ is only active when the sugar arabinose is present. A gene coding for antibiotic resistance was also found within the plasmid and served as a means to verify that transformation had indeed taken place. The hypothesis was that the bacteria
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Lab manual/results/online article condensed notes Lab 1 · DNA is made up of deoxyribonucelotides · Components of DNA/RNA includes a 5 carbon sugar‚ a phosphate group‚ and a nitrogenous base · the negative charge associated with DNA/RNA is due to the phosphate groups · DNA is linked together by phosphodiester bonds (they are covalent bonds) · the energy required to create these bonds is from the cleavage of pyrophosphate‚ refer to figure 1.3 on page 4 and below. ·
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have relatively small ribosomes. They also do not contain and endoplasmic reticulum.1 The DNA is not stored in a nucleus but it is stored in the nucleoid. DNA in the cytoplasm and many prokaryotic cells also contain very small loops of DNA called plasmids. The nucleoid region is the area of the cytoplasm‚ which contains the single bacterial DNA molecule. Some prokaryotic cells have a capsule‚ which is an outer layer of protection which protects the cell when being engulfed by other organisms. It
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