condition. Although classically attributed to chromosomal mutations‚ resistance is most commonly associated with extra-chromosomal elements acquired from other bacteria in the environment. These include different types of mobile DNA segments‚ such as plasmids‚ transposons‚ and integrons. However‚ intrinsic mechanisms not commonly specified by mobile elements such as efflux pumps that expel multiple kinds of antibiotic are now recognized as major contributors to multidrug resistance in bacteria. Once established
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SBI3U-C Lesson 8 Biotechnology Copyright © 2012 The Ontario Educational Communications Authority. All rights reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced‚ in whole or in part‚ in any form or by any means‚ electronic or mechanical‚ including photocopying‚ recording‚ or stored in an information or retrieval system‚ without the prior written permission of The Ontario Educational Communications Authority. Every reasonable care has been taken to trace and acknowledge ownership
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are kept in a part called the nucleoid‚ while eukaryote DNA is discovered on firmly constrained and structured chromosomes. Selected eukaryotes develop satellite DNA configurations named plasmids and they are generally regarded as a prokaryote feature and many important genes in prokaryotes are stored on plasmids. In the prokaryote cell‚ every genes is recorded on the identical section of RNA
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pilus. c. sex pilus iii. In bacteria‚ a structure that links one cell to another at the start of conjugation; also know as a conjugation pilus d. Nucleoid iv. A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. e. Plasmid v. A small‚ circular‚ double stranded DNA molecule that
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water which high in oxygen content at 25-30°C. It has mutlitrichious flagella for mobility and it is sensitive to environment changes. Pseudomonas putida has several important strains which are F1 and KT2440 and a few significant plasmids such as the TOL and OCT plasmid. Besides that‚ it has a circular genome where around eighty genes in oxidative reductase can be found. All these three components found in Pseudomonas putida are important in bioremediation such as degrade toluene and in the application
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While reading the article https://student.societyforscience.org/article/superbugssilenthealthemergency answer the following questions in your own words‚ using complete sentences. 1. What is antibiotic resistance? Why are people worried about it? ntibiotic resistance is the effect of antibiotics on germs that infect our body. Most of the antibiotics have lost their A resistance to fight germs. People are worried about it because if antibiotics won’t work no longer than we could even die from
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DNA technology is to transfer one piece of DNA into something that can duplicate himself. Bacterial plasmid‚ viruses and also yeast chromosomes are used for this as they are able to duplicate easily. The DNA fragment containing the gene which is needed is isolated using enzymes‚ and after that it will be transferred to the bacterial plasmid using once again enzymes. After that the bacterial plasmid starts multiplying‚ and the outcome will be one certain fragment. Reproductive cloning was how Dolly
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Villeda emphasizes on the counteractive measures of cognitive impairment effected by aging. Aging contributes to the cognitive deterioration by altering the structure and functionality of the brain. In order to resist such devastating effects‚ Vidella proposes to introduce young blood to aged organisms by utilizing heterochronic parabiosis. The heterochronic parabiosis can be utilized to neutralize and reverse pre-existing conditions of aged-brain at the molecular‚ structural‚ functional and cognitive
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bacteria. If this genes is readily passed between different types of bacteria‚ widespread resistant bacteria could emerge. NMD-1 can spread between bacteria via conjugation (bacterial sex)‚ the gene for NMD-1 is present on bacterial DNA (plasmids); these plasmids are outside the chromosome. Treating patient with board spectrum
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the presence of 14.13 µl Dexamethasone. HeLa cells were transfected with a vector plasmid containing either GFP (A‚B) or GFP-GBD (B‚C). Following incubation for two days in 1 ml of complete media‚ the cells containing 0.45 ml of transfection complexes were washed with 1 ml HBSS to remove any
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