Plasmids may carry genes that code for resistance to antibiotics and for production of toxins and both of these are important to bacterial survival. However the DNA contained in them is not necessary for reproduction or other basic cell functions. There is
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human digestive system. They contain a flagellum to aid movement through the digestive system‚ a cell wall/capsule to protect against mechanical damage and help bind to other bacteria. The most potentially dangerous feature of a bacterium is its plasmid. These can contain information for such features as the breaking down of antibiotics‚ which form due to a
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we’ll use insulin for a diabetic person. First remove a certain gene from a human cell using a restriction enzyme‚ in this instance we’ll "cut" out the gene for producing insulin. Second extract a plasmid from a bacterial cell and again "cut" it with the restriction enzyme. Insert the gene into the plasmid by attaching both of the "sticky ends" of the
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Basic Reagents and Techniques of Molecular Biology Laboratory Protocols Ausubel F‚ Brent R‚ Kingston R‚ Moore D‚ Seidman J‚ Smith J‚ Struhl K. Current Protocols in molecular biology. John Wiley & Sons‚ New York‚ 1996. Sambrook J‚ Fritsch EF‚ Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual‚ 2nd ed.‚ Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory‚ Cold Spring Harbor‚ N.Y.‚ 1989. Basic Tools for DNA Manipulation and Molecular Genetic Analysis Enzymes Vectors Gel Electrophoresis PCR Southern blotting
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Module 1 |Long answers 1 | |Question 1 | |Question 2 | |Question 4
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Introduction A mutator strain is one that lacks certain repair methods when a mistake is made during DNA replication. The strain of E. coli that was used in this lab‚ XL-1 Red Mutator‚ lacked three different repair methods used to correct mistake in DNA replication. If a mistake occurred‚ the E. coli would not be able to make repairs via DNA polymerase backtracking‚ mismatch repair‚ or oxo-dGTP hydrolysis. The E. coli will still be able to use the other ways to repair mistakes including SOS
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Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton. The most characteristic membrane bound structure is the nucleus. This feature gives them their name‚ (also spelled "eucaryote‚") which comes from the Greek word referring to the nucleus. Animals‚ plants‚ fungi‚ and protists are eukaryotes. Microorganisms and all other living organisms are classified as prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes are distinguished on the
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Name ______________________________________ Virtual Lab Report: Part I Due by: 11:59 PM PST on the second Saturday of class Virtual Lab 1: Virtual Microscopy A. Estimate the size (length and width) of these microscopic objects in micrometers (microns): 1. An E. Coli cell. 3 x 0.6 um =1.8 um 2 A mitochondrion. 4 x 0.8 um = 3.2 um 3. A Red blood cell. 8 um 4. A virus. _Hepatitis 45 nm = .045 um 5. A water molecule. 275 pm =.275 um B. 1 Describe three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
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Chapter 5 – Short answer a) Phosphorylation - the addition of phosphate to a chemical compound b) What are the 3 mechanisms of phosphorylation used by organisms? • Substrate level phosphorylation – ATP is generated when a high-energy phosphate is directly transferred from a phosphorylated compound (substrate) to ADP • Oxidative phosphorylation – electrons are transferred from a group of organic compounds to a group of electron carriers (NAD+ and FAD); occurs in inner mitochondrial
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a wide range of substrate specificity. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) have been defined in Gram-positive bacteria majority being in the Staphylococcus spp. Most of the determinants are plasmid-encoded SMR family exporters e.g. QacG‚ and QacH‚ although QacA/B is a MF family efflux system‚ through plasmid acquisition resistance occurs. Chromosomal efflux determinants of QAC resistance although rare in Gram-positive‚ have been
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