“selective pressure” that allows only resistant forms to survive and reproduce. Bacteria will build up a resistance to the antibiotics whether through spontaneous mutation‚ transformation‚ or resistance acquired from a small circle of DNA called a plasmid. There are many solutions to slow down the rise of resistance. Things that we can do are to not use antibiotics unnecessarily. This seems to be a huge problem. People tend to want to take antibiotics for colds and flu when in fact they do nothing
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the community as well as the farmers benefit from the genetically modified crops. The way these GM crops are created is through the fusing of a plasmid and a new gene. This is done through extracting cells or bacteria from an already strong plant‚ placing them in a solution that weakens the cell wall‚ and removing the gene from the cell. Then‚ the plasmid and the new gene are warmed up‚ causing them to fuse. Though GM crops are a way of ‘fixing’ previous issues that were in the crops‚ there is a lot
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Genetic engineering is a hotly debated topic in today’s political‚ ethical‚ and social arenas. Since its development‚ many have either renounced or championed this relatively new technology and for good reason. Genetic engineering is exactly what the name implies – a method of transforming the basic building blocks of life. This new door into the very fabric of life itself opens to reveal many potential benefits and cures to those with genetic diseases or malformations that drastically alter their
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Merck is a global research-driven pharmaceutical company dedicated to putting patients first. Merck’s highest priority areas are Alzheimer’s disease‚ atherosclerosis‚ cardiovascular disease‚ diabetes‚ novel vaccines‚ obesity‚ oncology‚ pain and sleep disorders. In addition‚ and importantly for licensing‚ the following other areas remain of high interest for focused investment in new compounds and mechanisms: antibiotics‚ antifungals‚ antivirals (HCV and HIV)‚ asthma‚ COPD‚ neurodegeneration‚ ophthalmology
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tractors across the field as often to apply insecticide. They can also grow healthy plants with fewer insecticide sprays and it produces nutritious‚ fresh and flavorful corn. Although‚ BT is a chemical‚ it is not poisonous to humans. It contains plasmid that produces the certain protein crystals that are only toxic to insects. The only way it can be harmful to humans is if it is eaten. It breaks down in the environment and under the ultraviolet light of the sun. Because of this‚ it poses no threat
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Ross Cambe 3. Molecular microbial ecology and stable isotopes. 14C and C13 Dating- gives us an idea for life‚ when life began and what environment looked like Radioactive- determines how OLD the material is in the environment Stable- Biological ORIGIN of material in environment Based on the concept that during life‚ every living thing accumulates certain amount of 14C Helps us date organisms or discoveries Biogenic origin vs. abiotic origin: 13C. fixed proportion of C12 to 13C Preferential
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Biology 240. Spring 2014. Exam 3. Chapter 9. Proteins and Their Synthesis Four levels of protein structure (page 313) Primary: linear sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chain Secondary: local regions of polypeptide chain fold into specific shapes (shapes arise from the bonding forces between amino acids close in proximity of linear sequence Tertiary: folding of the secondary structure Quaternary: protein composed of two or more separate folded polypeptides (subunits) joined by weak
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Methods to elucidate gene function Historically‚ studies to identify genes that function in a particular process involve forward genetics. One way to mutate genes using this process is to expose organisms to a mutagen (typically either a chemical or gamma radiation)‚ randomly mutating the genome in many animals. We then screen these animals for defects in the process we wish to study – essentially‚ looking for physical or behavioral changes in the organism. Mutagenesis (creating mutations) is
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BIO FINAL STUDY GUIDE Scientific Method: 1) Observe something interesting 2) Educated idea = hypothesis (if – change/IV -… then – measure/DV… because) 3) Experiments 4) Analyze + conclude 5) Report it to world Science | Pseudoscience | -uses scientific method | -doesn’t use scientific method | -good hypothesis (falsifiable –provable) | -bad hypothesis (unfalsifiable) | -Repeatable + predictable | -unrepeatable | -1 variable | -none or many variables | -ex. Aliens
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identical offspring through a process called asexual reproduction 1. DNA Cloning/Gene Cloning A term used to describe a collection of DNA fragments derived from the genome of an organism and cloned randomly into suitable cloning vectors (plasmids‚phages) The term genomic DNA clone or chromosomal DNA clone then refers to an individual cell carrying a cloning vector with one of the cellular DNA
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