cell then multiplies to destroy the host. When archaea is compared to bacteria there are also similarities‚ but also notable differences. They are both single-celled organisms and are surrounded by cell walls and both store their DNA in rings called plasmids. Furthermore‚ most archaea consume chemicals‚ but some species can switch to photosynthesis when
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Theories: unifying explanations of the natural world Proximate questions: deal with mechanisms. Don’t always need evolutionary explanations Ultimate questions: concerned with evolutionary origins and functions Induction: inference of general law from observations Hypothesis: possible explanation for observation Carolus Linnaeus: binomial nomenclature Nomenclature: system of rules for naming things Taxonomy: naming and classifying organisms Systematics: theory and practice of classifying organisms
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Module 1 ‘Introduction to Molecular Biology’ Learning Objectives (Chapter 6) Molecular Biology‚ DNA‚ chromosomes‚ and the central dogma. Understand Nucleic Acid Structure and properties (including alternate forms of DNA structure and supercoiling‚ and renaturation) Explain the nature of Prokaryotic Chromosome Understand the differences in re-association kinetics of single-copy vs. repeated sequence Understand how DNA re-association provides a measure of genome size in base pairs Functions
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1) Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the - Activation energy 2) The process of influencing the chemical bonds in a way that lowers the ___ needed to speed up a chemical reaction is called catalysis -activation energy 3) protein catalysts that speed up the various metabolic biological reactions in an orgranism are called 4) Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss in -electrons 5) the specificity of an enzyme is due to its activite
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1. Compare the replication cycles of H1N1 and Herpes simplex. -Herpes (DNA) and H1N1 (RNA) viruses both multiply in the cells cytoplasm. The major differences among the multiplication process of these viruses lie in how MRNA and viral RNA are produced. The sequence is as follows (1 and 2) are: Entry‚ uncodeing the viral DNA/ RNA (replication). (3) Transcription of a portion of the viral DNA. Translation follows (resulting enzymes) for multiplication of DNA/RNA. Most cases of DNA viruses early
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1. There are two main types of cells‚ prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The connection between the two can be seen right from their prefixes‚ pro meaning before and eu meaning true or good. This is because prokaryotic cells are before a nucleus and eukaryotic cells possess a true nucleus. This has led to many theories that eukaryotic cells have evolved from prokaryotes. The evidence for this is most noticeable in the structure of the cells‚ which will be compared below. Prokaryotic cells have no
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smooth ER and ribosomes. Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes because prokaryotes have no nucleus‚ they just have a loop of DNA and they also have no membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotes also have a cell wall‚ along with a slime capsule‚ flagellae and plasmids. Another way of which living organisms differ from each other is through proteins. Proteins are made up of amino acids and they condense together to form a dipeptide. Polypeptides are many amino acids bonded together through a peptide bond. The primary
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BIO UNIT 1 STUDY NOTES History of Classification Aristotle (384-322 BC) -greek philosopher -classified living things in 2 kingdoms (ANIMALS AND PLANTS) -Plants = herbs‚ shrubs & trees -Animals= those of sea‚ air and land -lasted 2000 years Theophrastus (372-287 BC) - “Father of Botany” - 2 botanical works Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603) - Italian physician - created 1st new system of classifying plants - classified plants on the basis of the structure of their fruits and seeds John Ray
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Evolutionary trees convey a lot of information about a group’s evolutionary history. Biologists are taking advantage of this by using a system of phylogenetic classification. In contrast to the traditional Linnaean system of classification‚ phylogenetic classification names only clades. For example‚ a strictly Linnaean system of classification might place the birds and non-Avian dinosaurs into two separate groups. However‚ the phylogeny of these organisms reveals that the bird lineage actually
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for the contents of the cell and a barrier to substances entering and leaving. The content inside the cell is called "cytoplasm." Suspended in the cytoplasm are ribosomes (for protein synthesis)‚ the nucleoid (concentrated genetic material)‚ and plasmids (small‚ circular pieces of DNA‚ some of which carry genes that control resistance to various drugs). All living cells have ribosomes‚ but those of bacteria are smaller than those found in any other cell. Some antibacterial medicines have been made
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