THE PARTHENON AND THE ELGIN MARBLES BY EPAMINONDAS VRANOPOULOS Athens 1985 PREFACE The response to the Greek government’s demand for the return to Greece of the sculptures of the Parthenon‚ now in the British Museum‚ has been so encouraging that it has given rise to hopes that the Elgin Marbles‚ as they have come to be known‚ may indeed one day be restored to their rightful home. The favourable response has come from UNESCO and from public opinion world-wide‚ including Britain.
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1. Parthenon Sculpture The Parthenon‚ or the Temple of Athena Perthenos‚ sits at the top of the Acropolis in Greece‚ dating 447-438 BCE‚ and can be viewed as an ideal Greek temple in the Doric design. Designed by Iktinos and Kallikrates‚ the proportions of the temple are considered perfect‚ and the Parthenon was decorated more extravagantly than any other Greek temple (Gardner‚ 70)‚ adorned with sculpture and friezes along both pediments‚ and all 92 Doric metopes‚ presenting many classic elements
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Jenifer Neils’s article “Reconfiguring the Gods on the Parthenon Frieze” analyzes the interpretations of the Parthenon frieze in terms of its iconography‚ meaning‚ the use of space‚ time‚ and future influence. Neils’s analyzes very important components of the frieze‚ but those that stood most out to me is the use of space and the influence of the monument. Neils’s highlights of the main components of the meaning behind the frieze‚ arguing that some of the gods were chosen on the basis of proximity
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The Parthenon is the most important and perfectly formed temple on the acropolis. It is dedicated to Athena‚ and held an enormous cult image of her and was built as a temple of worship. It was regarded as an enduring symbol which holds high points of Greek art. The cost of the Parthenon cannot be translated into a modern equivalent amount of money but in the 5th century it cost them 469 silver talents. The Parthenon was made of local stone. Stone was denser‚ white‚ a finer stone but also much heavier
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nation’s power—and who should own it is central to the debate of returning artifacts to their countries of origin. The argument predominantly revolves around the marbles removed from the Parthenon by the British Lord Elgin. While the Greek government does not recognize the British Museum as the owner of the Parthenon Marbles‚ it can be said that they did acquire them by the proper means of the time. Other countries have asked for previously removed artifacts‚ such as the Rosetta Stone and the Hamilton
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the Parthenon‚ is one such of these examples. It brings into form the three principal ideas of humanism‚ rationalism‚ and idealism of the 5th century Greek people through not only its structure‚ but its ornamentation and sculpture as well. The basis of humanism can be summed up in the words of Protagoras‚ "Man is the measure of all things." Humanism is the idea that human beings are the yardstick by with to measure all things in the universe‚ including Greek gods and goddesses. The Parthenon stands
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thousands of years ago. This essay will examine the function as well as the style of two of those archaic buildings in both the Parthenon of ancient Athens and the Pantheon of ancient Rome. Furthermore‚ it will put them side by side to compare and contrast the two. From 447-432 BCE during the golden era a great temple was constructed on the Acropolis of Athens‚ the Parthenon (Sakoulas‚ 2002). It’s construction was ordered by the Athenian political leader Pericles following the end of the Peloponnesian
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of ownership can be argued on both legal and moral grounds‚ often making disputes ongoing and complex. One of the most renown and longstanding disputes is between Greece and the British Museum over the Parthenon Marbles. In the 19th century‚ Lord Elgin removed Marble sculptures from the Parthenon on the Acropolis in Athens and sold them to the British Museum where they have been on display since. Arguments of both legal and moral standing have been put forward by both parties‚ in regard to where
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this kind does not preserve its own quality but falls away and degenerates into the alien type. - Plato‚ Republic 497 c I. Introduction In the sixth book of the Republic‚ Plato describes a philosophic soul as an exotic seed planted in strange soil. Because the soil is foreign to the seed‚ its growth is stunted‚ if not overwhelmed‚ by the forces alien to its nature. The context of this simile is not lost; this is a description of the societal and educational programs of his day and a noting
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continues to this day. This is obvious in that the design of the Parthenon and Pantheon for example‚ continue to be used in the construction of official buildings in the west in modern times. Discussion 1. Similarities: Both the Parthenon and the Pantheon are ancient temples. They look similar in that they both illustrate geometric precision yet there are distinctions in their styles which reflects the culture that produced each one. The Parthenon was built in ancient Greece
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