PART I CHAPTER III DIODES APPLICATIONS –SPECIAL PURPOSE DIODES OBJECTIVES 3.1 I-V- characteristics of normal and zener diode and measurement of static and dynamic resistance 3.2 I-V characteristics on CRO 3.3 Clipping circuits using diodes 3.4 Clamping circuits using diodes 3.5 Diode as a voltage multiplier 3.6 Diode used as a meter over current protection INTRODUCTION SEMICONDUCTORS Semiconductors are materials which are used to manufacture all electronic and optoelectronic devices
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controlled current flow. Germanium and Silicon is the two semi-conductor elements used for making it. There are two types of transistors such as POINT CONTACT and JUNCTION TRANSISTORS. Point contact construction is defective so is now out of use. Junction triode transistors are in many respects analogous to triode electron tube. A junction transistor can function as an amplifier or oscillator as
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AUTOMATIC RAILWAY SIGNAL A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by VAHALUWALA SUHEL R. SHETH HARSHIL R. PATEL KASHYAP A. TANDEL JAY S. TANDEL RAJ B. In fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Technical Education And Research Center‚ NAVSARI Gujarat Technological University‚ Ahmedabad May‚ 2012 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT 2012 Certificate This is to certify that the dissertation entitled
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charge________________. 2. Reverse biasing of a p-n junction is to connect a positive voltage to the ______n_______-side of the junction. Under reverse bias‚ the energy band separation (electrastatic potential barrier) across the junction is _____larger_____ than at equilibrium. The electric field is _____increased_____ and the transition region width is______increased______ with increasing magnitude of reserve bias. 3. In a forward-biased n+p-junction‚ the forward current is due to injection of ___electrons_____
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INVISIBLE BROKEN WIRE DETECTOR 1 1. INTRODUCTION In our day to day life we are dealing with electricity as well as so many electrical equipments. In this electrical equipment the household appliances play a major role. So the fault occurring with them is also a major problem. Generally the fault seen is the breaking of wire inside the two layer or three layer cables or the short circuit between them. Portable loads such as video cameras‚ halogen flood lights‚ electrical irons‚ hand drill
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Relates to metal-SC interface SOLA3507-9002/13-4 First Modern Si Solar Cell • • Fuller developed high-temperature vapour diffusion for large-area junctions. D.M. Chapin‚ C.S. Fuller‚ and G.L. Pearson‚ “A new silicon p-n junction photocell for converting solar radiation into electrical power”‚ J. Appl. Phys‚ 25‚ 676-677‚ 1954. Deliberate p-n junction. 6% conversion efficiency in 1954 and 14% by 1958.
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1. Introduction Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple and powerful concept‚ which uses transistor as a switch to switch ON and OFF the street light automatically. By using this system manual works are removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights under illumination by sunlight. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the
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12-1 1. What is the main purpose of an instrumentation amplifier and what are three of its key characteristics? The main purpose of an instrumentation amplifier is to amplify small signals that occur on large common-mode voltages. The key characteristics are high input impedance‚ high CMRR‚ low output impedance‚ and low output offset. 2. What components do you need to construct a basic instrumentation amplifier? Three op-amps and seven resistors are required to construct a basic instrumentation
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MATERIAL For 1ST & 2ND Semester B.E. (Revised Credit System) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CONTENTS Module 1. – SEMI CONDUCTOR THEORY Mr. Hemanth Kumar A.R.‚ Lecturer‚ Pg. 27 – 49 Pg. 1 – 26 Module 2. – PN JUNCTION DIODE AND ITS APPLICATIONS Mr. Jagadish Nayak.‚ Senior Lecturer‚ Module 3. – TRANSISTORS AND APPLICATIONS Mr. H.V. Balachandra Achar.‚ Senior Lecturer‚ Pg. 50 – 72 Module 4. – COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Mr. A. Gopalakrishna Pai.‚ Lecturer‚ Pg
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Abstract This paper will discuss the design of an FM receiver. It will begin with a brief historical backdrop of FM broadcasting and its use in society. It will continue by providing the necessary mathematical background of the modulation process. Furthermore‚ it will enumerate some of the advantages of FM over other forms of modulation‚ namely AM. Finally‚ the paper will discuss the design of a basic FM receiver as well as introduce some circuits and circuit components which the reader may
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