pH Indicators pH indicators are weak acids that exist as natural dyes and indicate the concentration of H+ (H3O+) ions in a solution via color change. A pH value is determined from the negative logarithm of this concentration and is used to indicate the acidic‚ basic‚ or neutral character of the substance you are testing. Introduction pH indicators exist as liquid dyes and dye-infused paper strips. They are added to various solutions to determine the pH values of those solutions. Whereas the liquid
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BRONSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES 1. The Bronsted-Lowry definition There are many definitions of acids and bases in existence‚ but the most useful one is the Bronsted-Lowry definition: An acid is a substance which can behave as a proton (re presented as a hydrogen ion‚ H+) donor. Any substance which contains hydrogen bonded to a more electronegative element can thus behave as an acid: HCl == H+ + Cl- H2SO4 == H+ + HSO4- A base is a substance which can behave as a proton acceptor. Any
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Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Final HCl Buret Reading ± 0.05 mL | 38.3 | 45 | 54.5 | Initial HCl Buret Reading ± 0.05 mL | 29.9 | 38.3 | 45 | Volume of NaHCO3 used ± 0.1 mL | 9.2 | 9.5 | 9.8 | Qualitative Data: * I used the methyl orange indicator which was suitable for my titration because of its clear and distinct colour change from orange to a bright red at the endpoint * At the beginning of the titration after I added 3 drops of methyl orange into the base (NaHCO3) and swirled‚ I began
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they consist of a very key characteristic of bases; they are slippery. Personal care products are predicted to be neutral solutions because they are not corrosive like acids and bases that can harm your skin. Materials: • 12-well dish • Paper indicators o Red litmus o Blue litmus o pH paper • Various common household substances o Shampoo o Lemon juice o Green tea o Sprite o Detergent o Milk o Windex Procedure: 1. Obtain a small sample of each substance to be tested. Place the substance
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panel used for flying in Instrument Metrological Conditions (IMC) for the next 20 years (Jukes‚ 2004). They are the: Altimeter (feet)‚ Airspeed indicator (knots)‚ Turn and Bank Coordinator (turn direction and coordination)‚ Vertical Speed Indicator (feet per minute)‚ Artificial Horizon (attitude indication)‚ and the Directional Gyro and Heading Indicator ("Instrument flying handbook‚" 2008). This Basic Six set of instruments was adopted by commercial aviation remains largely unchanged‚ except
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(colorless) and calamansi juice extract in separate test tubes. Test every solutions with blue and red litmus paper. Then add a drop of methyl orange indicator to each solutions. Record the data then wash and clean the test tube * Place another 2ml of the same acids in separate test tube. Test with a drop of phenolphthalein indicator. Then repeat the test with one drop of bromthymol blue to a new set of the acid samples in separate test tube. Record your observation *
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strength‚ then the equivalence pH will be neutral. However‚ weak acids are not often titrated against weak bases because the colour change shown with the indicator is often quick‚ and therefore very difficult for the observer to see the change of colour. The point at which the indicator changes colour is called the end point. A suitable indicator should be chosen‚ preferably one that will experience a change in colour (an end point) close to the equivalence point of the reaction. First‚ the burette
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are the air speed indicator‚ attitude indicator‚ altimeter‚ vertical speed indicator‚ heading indicator‚ and turn coordinator. These instruments are the main source of information for pilots. These instruments can be divided into two categories based off of how they work‚ which are static or pitot-static and gyroscopic instruments. The instruments that fall into the static category are the airspeed indicator‚ altimeter‚ and vertical speed indicator. The airspeed indicator shows the aircraft’s
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the equivalent point)‚ so when the volume is 8‚ pKa is 4.76‚ taking the antilog of 4.76 the answer gives a value of 1.74 * 10 ^-5 that is very accurate to the theoretical one. The indicator plays an important role for determining the equivalence point based on the color change. Phenolphthalein is an excellent indicator for the acetic acid-NaOH titration because the pH at equivalent point (8.67) falls within the pH range (8.2-9.8) in which phenolphthalein changes
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and Salts Mabag‚ Viannery D.‚ Mangune‚ Paolo D. Chem 14.1‚ MAB1‚ Ms. Angelyn del Rosario March 8‚ 2010 I. Abstract The experiment allowed students to explore different electrolytes and classify them into acids‚ bases and salts by using different indicators or by measuring the pH levels of each. The experiment also helped students classify different substances through their conductivity properties. The preparation of a 1 M stock solution from NaOH pellets diluted to a 0.1 M NaOH solution was also utilized
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