some antecedent cause” (Pojman & Fieser‚ Free Will and Determinism‚ p. 388). In this essay‚ I will be reviewing philosopher Baron d’Holbach’s arguments against the concept of free will in the perspective of a hard determinist. Afterwards‚ I will be defining what is free will in my personal opinion as well as whether or not free will is compatible with determinism. Baron d’Holbach was known for being “one of the leading philosophers of the French Enlightenment” (Pojman & Fieser‚ A Defense of
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a practical approach to justice would produce a sensible result. However‚ I think that the term utilitarian is misleading because the major focus within this theory is “forward-looking” or placing emphasis on “reform‚ prevention‚ and deterrence” (Pojman 119). Of course‚ to prevent or deter crime is an attractive choice. Yet‚ I do not agree that prevention or deterrence will be successful. For instance‚ taunting the public with threats of the death penalty does not seem effective at deterring violent
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that a certain action is right‚ then that action is right‚ at least within that society.<br>6. It is mere arrogance for us to try to judge the conduct of other peoples. We should adopt an attitude of tolerance toward the practices of other cultures(Pojman‚1996‚p.360).<br><br>Above are six claims that help explain the notion of Cultural Relativism. This essays arguments will help to illustrate them directly and indirectly. It will be clear that the true answer to the question of ethics is‚ Cultural
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medical care” Singer stated. (Pojman 759) Peter Singer is an ethical and political philosophy that is well known for his founding movement of modern animal rights. (Peter Singer) Moreover‚ he believed that people who are suffering from lack of resources are morally bad‚ in this case Bengal. Besides‚ it is in our power to prevent something bad from occurring. So‚ Singer’s overall idea is that we have a moral duty to help the poor from starvation in this world. (Pojman 758) Even though poverty has individually
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Bibliography: Pojman‚ Louis P. “Egoism and Altruism: A Critique of Ayn Rand” The Moral Life: An Introductory Reader in Ethics and Literature. Louis P. Pojman & Lewis Vaughn. New York: Oxford University Press‚ 2011. Rand‚ Ayn. “In Defense of Ethical Egoism” The Moral Life: An Introductory Reader in Ethics and Literature. Louis P. Pojman & Lewis Vaughn. New York: Oxford University Press‚ 2011.
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not feelings. (Pojman‚ Vaughn 309) That is exactly the dilemma that Ambrose Bierce writes Carter Druse into in the short story A Horseman in the Sky. I feel there are several parts of the story that flip back and forth between being moral and not being moral or maybe the better words would be that it is ironic on many levels. The story begins with Carter Druse being referred to as a criminal for being asleep on his post: The clump of laurel in which the criminal lay’ (Pojman‚ Vaughn 356) yet
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The following case study is a moral dilemma in which a doctor must chose a course of action with respect to patient’s case. In this case‚ the doctor must consider the morality‚ criminality‚ and ethical implications of killing‚ abortion‚ farmed organs‚ and allowing a patient suffer when there is a cure. Then and only then‚ can the doctor to determine what actions are morally permissible and allow to make an informed and proper decision as to what course of action he should take. The case study reveals
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Kant’s view on ethics was: it’s absolute‚ the duties or imperatives are not hypothetical‚ but categorical (Pojman and Vaughn‚ 239). This means that our moral duties need to be made on reasoning‚ not feelings. Humans fall victim to incorporating their feelings into ethical‚ moral duties quite often‚ Kant’s theory displaces this and informs us that our duties need
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those moral rules cultural practices benefit or hurt the people that are being affected by it (Rachels‚ 26). In his paper‚ “A Defense of Ethical Objectivism‚” Louis Pojman provides us with his diversity thesis (Pojman‚ 39). The diversity thesis simply acknowledges the fact that different societies have different moral codes (Pojman‚ 39). For example‚ in some cultures cows are thought to be sacred and not to be touched (Rachels‚ 21) where in many other cultures this practice would seem strange and
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Pertaining to this situation Pike states‚ “ … if God held such a belief eighty years [T1] prior to [T2]‚ Peter did not have the power on [T2] to do something that would have made it the case that God did not hold this belief eighty years later.” (Pojman & Rea 99) This fact goes on to say that it is with the omniscience of God that‚ no matter what‚ His belief will not have changed in between [T1] and [T2]. The argument can still be accepted in an statement made by St. Augustine‚ “… it is not necessary
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