POLARIZATION TOPICS POLARIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES POLARIZING SHEETS POLARIZATION BY REFLECTION DOUBLE REFRACTION CIRCULAR POLARIZATION POLARIZATION BY SCATTERING Text Book: PHYSICS VOL 2 by Halliday‚ Resnick and Krane (5th Edition) MIT-MANIPAL BE-PHYSICS-POLARIZATION-2011-12 1 POLARIZATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES • By convention‚ we define the direction of polarization of the wave to be the direction of the electric vector. • The plane determined by electric
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Polarization Polarization of light is a phenomenon due to which the vibrations of light are restricted in a particular plane. To detect plane polarized light Makin g distinction between the unpolarized and plane polarized light cannot be done using the naked eye or the polarizer. So a crystal called analyzer is used to analyze the nature of light. The intensity of light remains unaffected when the axes of the polarizer and the analyzer are parallel to each other and it becomes minimum when
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opinions over an individual’s lifetime should also be considered when explaining why the decrease of polarization
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It is a poison that all who surround it drink and infect. But that is not to say an open communication style between parents and children increases polarization of negative outgroup attitudes. Discussions create questions‚ and questions allows for mental growth beyond the parents’ prejudices and blind following. Foster states that ". . .as soon as we notice blindness and sight as thematic components of
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Group polarization is the tendency of the group to converge on more extreme solutions to a problem‚ as opposed to a decision made alone or independently. There is a phenomenon called the "risky shift" ‚ it is an example of polarization; the risky shift occurs when the group decision is a riskier one than any of the group members would have made individually. This may result because individuals in a group sometimes do not feel as much responsibility and accountability for the actions of the group
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recent decades‚ the U.S. has started to become more politically polarized than it has ever been before. This means that the separation between the liberals and conservatives‚ or Democrats and Republicans‚ is very evident and continuing to grow. Polarization can be seen as an accessory to democracy in the sense that it makes the different sides of controversial issues very clear to the public‚ ultimately leading to a higher voter turn out. On the first day of the 1961 Congress session‚ the former
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Polarization in Congress leads to less bills reaching the President for review. While a Congress that passes every bill it meets provides no benefits‚ Congressmen should not shirk their duties primarily due to polarization. Representatives’ achievements for the term should instead be limited on properly in-depth debate and discussion relating to the legislature they need to pass. However‚ at an increasing rate‚ senators drop bills out of the law-generating cycle (Andris‚ 10). Andris‚ et al‚ explains:
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second happened in the seventies and eighties; lastly‚ the third wave spans from the nineties and beyond. For instance‚ the early signs of polarization transpired in 1960‚ where a Catholic candidate‚ John F. Kennedy assured the public that it is harmless to vote for a Catholic (Robert Putnam‚ 2010). This is where we see early signs of religious polarization in which “tribal loyalty” divided voters‚ as each voted based their decision significantly on the candidates religion (Robert Putnam‚ 2010)
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ideologues who were unwilling to compromise on anything (Richardson). Thus‚ the age of polarization had begun‚ with each party becoming more and more ideolic to keep up with the other.
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the branches of the government generating unfair control of power in the executive branch‚ and partisan polarization. America’s basic construction of government‚ the three branches in parallel with the checks and balance system‚ creates problems such as a single executive leader inducing unfair policy making‚ and two main political party advancing partisan polarization. Partisan polarization is the ideology that an individual’s stance on political controversies are limiting of their party identification:
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