because of a police culture that exalts loyalty over integrity. Armao & Cornfeld (1994) suggest that honest officers are silenced by their fear of ``ratting’’ on another cop no matter how grave the crime. Corruption is not uncommon for those officers who remain undercover; in fact‚ it is an easier gateway to fall custom to the "bad apples". Corruption as defined by Roebuck and Barker (1974) as any form of ‘deviant‚ dishonest‚ improper‚ unethical or criminal behavior by a police officer. Police departments
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Over and over again the Standards specify what internal auditors should provide assurance and consulting on – the scope of internal auditing (governance‚ risk management and control processes). Standard 2100 is one such injunction – “The internal audit activity must evaluate and contribute to the improvement of governance‚ risk management‚ and control processes using a systematic and disciplined approach.” What are these processes that internal auditing has to evaluate and contribute to the
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Chapter 1 Auditing and Internal Control Review Questions 1. What is the purpose of an IT audit? Response: The purpose of an IT audit is to provide an independent assessment of some technology- or systems-related object‚ such as proper IT implementation‚ or controls over computer resources. Because most modern accounting information systems use IT‚ IT plays a significant role in a financial (external audit)‚ where the purpose is to determine the fairness and accuracy of the financial statements
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Assignment 2: External and Internal Environments Business 499 Zavier Pyles Professor May January 30th‚ 2013 Vroom Vroom! This is the welcomed sound that automobile owners and manufacturers like to hear. It is the sound of completion‚ success‚ and satisfaction. But what happens when this sound is drowned out by weakened profits‚ customer dissatisfaction‚ and industry weakness? In comes the government bailout of the automobile industry. In recent years‚ 2008-2010‚ Ford‚ GM‚ and Chrysler
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Title: Importance of Internal Communications for a company and two case studies. Internal communications is considered a vital tool for connecting people within the company. It does not refer only to those few “official” channels of communication in a company‚ it is also the strategic management of information flows to ensure the optima level of employee engagement. (Civicus‚ 2001) This business context of communication is a dual listening process. It is a top-down‚ bottom-up‚ side-to-side
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Justification for an Internal Control System ACC 544 Justification for an Internal Control System Introduction According to A. A. Gramling in the Encyclopedia of Business and Finance‚ internal control can be described as “any action taken by an organization to help enhance the likelihood that the objectives of the organization will be achieved.” There are several approaches to risk management in an organization – the portfolio approach and the use of insurance are two. Both
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Practices of Internally Assuring the Quality of Assessment 1.1 The internal verifier is at the heartof quality assurance in N/SVQ’s‚ both within the national framework and within the quality and management systems of each approved centre. The role‚ in terms of managing assessment so that it consistently meets national standards‚ is central to maintaining public confidence in each and every N/SVQ issued. Therefore internal verification is a key factor in managing ‘risk’ and ensuring that when
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Internal audit is a dynamic profession involved in helping organizations achieve their objectives. It is concerned with evaluating and improving the effectiveness of risk management‚ control and governance processes in an organization. To do this‚ internal auditors work with management to systematically review systems and operations. These reviews (audits) are aimed at identifying how well risks are managed including whether the right processes are in place‚ and whether agreed procedures are being
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Internal Control Evaluation Every business should take the steps necessary to ensure that its internal controls are functioning effectively and efficiently. It is important to have accountability at every level of a business. Creating a checklist to evaluate internal controls will support the business in this effort. According to Louwers‚ Ramsay‚ Sinason and Stawser (2007)‚ an internal control questionnaire aide an auditor in gathering evidence about the control environment and accounting and
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article in CNN Money: “The economists that make the world ’s crucial monetary policy decisions are the same economists who authored most textbooks in use. While superficially appealing‚ their theories lack empirical evidence‚ are riddled with internal inconsistencies‚ and are based upon tenuous assumptions. Specifically‚ their models are built on downward sloping demand curves‚ upward sloping supply curves‚ perfect competition‚ rational consumers‚ benevolent dictators‚ and general equilibrium;
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