Bound to Africa: the Mandinka Legacy in the New World Schaffer‚ Matt. History in Africa‚ Volume 32‚ 2005‚ pp. 321-369 (Article) Published by African Studies Association DOI: 10.1353/hia.2005.0021 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hia/summary/v032/32.1schaffer.html Access Provided by your local institution at 03/10/13 1:43PM GMT BOUND TO AFRICA: THE MANDINKA LEGACY IN THE NEW WORLD MATT SCHAFFER I I offer here a theory of “cultural convergence
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Empires have risen and fallen due to the exchange of power resulting from land and sea disputes. As a new empire settles in and establishes new rules‚ the fundamentals of normal operation are thrown off and other countries are forced to adapt. Often times these changes bring new opportunities for education and discovery. Deviations from the norm causes people to think in different ways‚ opening up new opportunities for people to grow and succeed. The change in power that resulted from the fall
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Besides other political and social changes within the empire‚ the main impact on Byzantium’s empire being strengthened was the imperial province‚ also known as the “Theme System”. This system gave a general responsibility of military defence and civil administration. They took direct orders from the imperial government‚ which decreased decentralization of power and authority. The military built up the “free peasant” rank‚ which strengthen the economy. “The theme system enabled Byzantine forces to mobilize
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After the military venture of the Crusade in the early 13th century‚ Europe decided to get herself more involved in the world system. At the same time‚ on the East‚ the massive Mongol Empire was under the leadership of Chinggis Khan. The empire grew rapidly and descendants were sent invasions in all directions. With the Mongol’s developed technologies‚ various ideologies and commodities were dispersed and exchanged all over Eurasia. The East and the West both have strong cores. European powers in
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Taylor “Principles of Scientific Management” Management’s principle: secure the maximum prosperity for the employer and the employee Aim for high excellence and permanent prosperity Maximum prosperity for employee: higher wages + develop worker to highest maximum efficiency to get highest quality of work Max prosperity for employer and employee should = management Scientific management: these fundamental interests are the same since both benefit from each other (long term) Employer (high
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The rise of the Persian Empire was due to the first Achaemenid Emperor‚ by the name of Cyrus the Great. He united the Medes and the Persians and was able to build a great Empire. He brought a different form of architectural possibilities and was able to build the Capital City of Pasargadae. The Persian Empire was different from previous empires of the Middle East because they were well connected by roads and using a standardized official language‚ having a bureaucracy. Because they could communicate
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Iconoclasm‚ Incarnation‚ and Art During the time of the Byzantine period‚ the utilization of religious images was a controversial subject. This controversy consisted of three parties; the Carolingians‚ iconoclasts‚ and iconodules and each party had their own interpretation on how and where these religious images could be used. Although each party had a different view‚ there was something in common amongst the three of them‚ they all agreed that God is the only thing that someone may worship. The
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Shang Dynasty‚ Muaryan Empire‚ Ottoman Empire Shang Dynasty‚ Muaryan Empire‚ Ottoman Empire The Shang dynasty was‚ according to traditional sources‚ the second Chinese dynasty after the Xia. They ruled in the Yellow River Valley. Widely accepted chronological calculations say that the Shang ruled between 1766 BC and 1122 BC(ancienthistory.about.com). According to Chinese tradition‚ a rebel king‚ Tang‚ who overthrew the last Xia ruler in the Battle of Mingtiao‚ founded the Shang dynasty. The Shang
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fall of the Roman Empire The demise of the Roman Empire was caused by both internal and external factors. It was a long process and no single event‚ lost war‚ or decision can be said to have caused it. From the year 217AD until the collapse in 476AD‚ there were only a handful of periods as long as ten years when a civil war did not break out. These wars were not about ideology‚ but purely for political power. The two main factors responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire are: Succession of
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