has a high oxidation state. Therefore‚ that many of the chemical reactions used for their preparation are oxidations. In this experiment‚ an aromatic carboxylic acids namely benzoic acid will be prepared by oxidizing benzyl alcohol which is a primary alcohol. The oxidizing agent used is alkaline potassium permanganate (VII). Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. It is a primary alcohol because the carbon atom which the hydroxyl group‚-OH group is connected joins to one
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II OBJECTIVES FOR FINAL EXAM 1. If given names‚ identify structures‚ or if given structures‚ identify name of each of the following types of compounds: a. Esters b. Amines c. Aromatic compounds including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. 2. Identify structures that are products of the following reactions: a. Grignard reaction including identification of the nucleophile. b. Conversion of nitriles into carboxylic acids and acid derivatives c. Diels-Alder reactions
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ENV-2603 Professor Bryan Osborne University of Winnipeg Table of Contents “The Price of Tar-Sands Oil”.......................................................................………………………………………………. p3 “Oil Sands Development Contributes Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to the Athabasca River and Its Tributaries” …………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. p4 “Waste Streams of Mined Oil Sands: Characteristics and Remediation” ………………………………………………. p5 “Biodiversity assessment in the Oil
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Study Guide for Final Exam The final will be cumulative‚ although much of the test will focus somewhat more heavily on the material covered since the last midterm. There will be some questions that have been taken directly from the two earlier midterms. You’ll almost certainly recognize these questions; if you’ve reviewed the earlier exams with me in class (or in person) & know the answers to most or all of the questions‚ you’ll breeze through them. Read each question carefully‚ though‚ as
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abdominal pain. There are also reports that long-term consumption of the oil can lead to stomach and liver cancer as well as developmental disabilities in newborns and children. Testing of some samples of gutter oil has revealed traces of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)‚ a dangerous organic pollutant capable of causing cancer with long-term consumption. Poor quality restaurants do not have the meat standards of higher quality restaurants‚ nor are they regulated by the government. As such‚ higher
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Business Regulation Paper Organizations are sometimes subjected to risks associated with negligence either internally or environmentally. Environmental negligence can have a substantial impact on the communities around them. Government regulations have been put into place to protect the environment‚ the community‚ and the organization. Many organizations are embracing these regulations and have become responsible and respected in business in order to stay in business. An examination of the basic
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response to the energy crisis-way back 1970. Cereal grains like corn are fermented to produce ethanol. Alcohol Nomenclature Name Parent hydrocarbon: Longest chain containing hydroxyl group Drop –e‚ add –ol More than one hydroxyl group 2 -diol 3 -triol Number so hydroxyl group has lowest number possible Insert number immediately before name of parent hydrocarbon Common Names Chemical Formula | IUPAC
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monocyclic hydrocarbons with alternating single and double bonds are called annulenes • annulenes are named as [n]-annulene‚ where n is the number of carbon atoms in their ring‚ for example cyclooctatetraene is named [8]-annulene • cyclobutadiene has 4 electron (2pairs) so it’s not aromatic • cyclooctatetraene has 16 e (8 pairs) it also isn’t planer (it has a tub shape) so it’s not aromatic • sp3 hybridized atoms doesn’t have P orbitals not aromatic aromatic not
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refineries‚ and used as fuel in combustion engines. It is made of over 250 types of hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene and benzene are used to increase the octane rating of gasoline. Other additives are also added to improve engine performance and reduce the emission of harmful gasses formed as byproducts of the combustion process. Some hydrocarbons found in gasoline like benzene are carcinogenic. These hydrocarbons escape into the air around us while we are refilling petrol at a gas station
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Practical 2 Reaction of alkane‚ alkene & alkyne Title: Reaction of Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Objective: To carry out chemical test to differentiate an alkane and an alkene. Apparatus: dropper‚ test tube‚ hot plate Chemical reagents: bromine‚ toluene‚ cyclohexane‚ cyclohexene‚ acidified KMnO4‚ dichloromethane Method A. Bromine test 1.6 clean and dry test tube were taken and were labelled them A until F 2.1ml of dichloromethane were placed into each test tube 3.1 ml of
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