PREPARED BY SYED ABDUL ILLAH ALYAHYA BIN SYED ABD KADIR 1 TOPICS PART I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and Functional Groups Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Isomerism and Overview of Organic Reaction Alkenes and Alkynes Alkyl Halides 2 TOPIC INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS 3 1.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and Functional Groups What is Organic Chemistry? • Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on compounds that
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Amino Acids Glycine is the smallest of the amino acids. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. In aqueous solution at or near neutral pH‚ glycine will exist predominantly as the zwitterion. Alanine is a hydrophobic molecule. It is ambivalent‚ meaning that it can be inside or outside of the protein molecule. The α carbon of alanine is optically active; in proteins‚ only the L-isomer is found. Serine differs from alanine in that one of the methylenic
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Synthesis and Characterization of Zn(TPP) and Cu(TPP) Complexes 1 Project Summary The overall goal of the project is to synthesize two metalloporhyrins‚ (Tetraphenylporphyrinato)zinc(II) and (Tetraphenylporphyrinato)copper(II). Because metalloporphyrins occur naturally in hemoglobin and chlorophyll‚ their study has implications in synthesizing human blood as well as utilizing its ability to convert visible light to energy. In addition to these two applications‚ metalloporhyrins are utilized in
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CHEMISTRY 125 LABORATORY Name: Balagao‚ Sherey Mae U. Date Performed: September 8‚ 2014 Lab Schedule: 1:00-4:00 MW Date Submitted: September 19‚ 2014 Group No.: 4 Rating: Exercise No. 8 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ACID DERIVATIVES I. OBJECTIVES: • To investigate the physical and chemical properties of Carboxylic acid and its derivatives • To understand the reactions of carboxylic compounds and derivatives. II. EXPERIMENTAL
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(Author’s name) (Professor’s name) (Course details) (Date Abstract The aim of the lab was to separate and analyse analgesic drugs in a drug tablet. The method used to separate the components was Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) with silica adsorbent as the stationary phase and 0.5% glacial acetic as the mobile phase. In one plate‚ five known samples were used as the reference‚ that is: Aspirin; Caffeine; Ibuprofen; and Salicylamide. Aspirin and Salicylamide were the only samples that fluoresced
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Water Pollution Part II Amanda Norris Groundwater Pollution pg. 502: Describe : Groundwater is the water we drink. Few countries go to the great expense of locating‚ tracking‚ and testing aquifers. Volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) contaminate 90% of the U.S. aquifers‚ but 2% of samples had unsafe VOC levels. The US found that ⅓of the 26k industrial waste ponds didn’t have liners to prevent toxic liquid wastes from seeping into aquifers. The EPA had completed the cleanup of 297k of the 436k underground
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2. Qualitative ORGANIC functional group tests in various homologous series | TEST FOR | TEST METHOD | OBSERVATIONS | TEST CHEMISTRY and comments | ALKENE or alkyne i.e. any non-aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double or triple carbon-carbon bond. | Bubble gas through‚ or add liquid to‚ a solution of bromine in hexane or water. | The orange/brown bromine rapidly decolourises‚ as a saturated colourless organic bromo-compound is formed. | R2C=CR2 + Br2 ==> BrR2C-CR2BrRCCR + 2Br2 ==> Br2RC-CRBr2R
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with catalytic converters found on virtually all US automobiles since 1975‚ this practice began to wane in the 1980s. Most countries are phasing out leaded fuel although different additives still contain lead compounds. Other additives include aromatic hydrocarbons‚ ethers and alcohol (usually ethanol or methanol). Typical agents[edit] ’The typical antiknock agents in use are: Tetraethyllead (Still in use as a high octane additive) Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) Ferrocene Iron pentacarbonyl
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• All organic compounds can be derived into two broad classes 1. Aliphatic compounds Nonaromatic hydrocarbons such as alkanes‚ alkenes or alkynes 2. Aromatic compounds A series of cyclic unsaturated compounds with unusually high stability • The properties and reactions of aromatic compounds are exemplified / demonstrated by the properties and reactions of benzene (the “parent” aromatic molecule) • Benzene Structure: MF: C6H6 DBE = • Properties and Reactions of Benzene 1. Benzene
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Extracting the hot air drying kinetics model In the hot air drying‚ moisture ratio at three temperatures of 40‚ 50 and 60°C was obtained and fitted with the existing models in Table 1. Table 2 shows the coefficients and statistical indicators related to these models in the hot air drying method. The Page and modified Page models better than other ones predict moisture ratio based on the temperature of the dryer and the drying time. Values of R2‚ χ2 and RMSE for the two models in the hot air drying
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