immediately CH2 = CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified KMnO4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of KMnO4 occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + [O] + H2O → CH2 – CH2 ⏐ ⏐ OH OH (a) Insert a glowing splint into the hydrocarbon hydrocarbons: Burns with smoky flame Aromatic hydrocarbons (b) Add concentrated nitric(v) acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at 55 °C: Yellow oil with bitter almond smell produced benzene NO2 + HNO3 (HONO2) Alkylbenzenes – CH3 CH3 + H2O Add alkaline
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Gasoline is the most available source of power for one’s car today. This is because gasoline is generally cheap and available. Gasoline is defined by Wikipedia as a "petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mostly of aliphatic hydrocarbons and enhanced with aromatic hydrocarbons toluene‚ benzene or iso-octane to increase octane ratings‚ primarily used as fuel in internal combustion engines" (Wikipedia‚ 2010). Most automobiles rely on this type of gasoline today. At gas stations‚ the general grades
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Polyphenols (also sometimes termed ‘phenolics’)‚ are benzene rings which is a class of chemical compounds that consists of a hydroxyl (-OH) group‚ which is directly bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Phenolic compounds are widely produced industrially however; they are also produced by plants (mainly for protection against stress) and microorganisms where variations occur between different species. Polyphenols play vital roles in the growth of plants‚ especially in lignin and pigment biosynthesis
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Solubility is the ability of a substance‚ or solute‚ to dissolve and homogenously disperse throughout another substance‚ or solvent. In order for drugs to be therapeutically effective and bioavailable‚ it must first be highly soluble. Poor solubility and low dissolution rates of drugs in the aqueous gastrointestinal tract lead to decreased bioavailability. Solubilization of poorly soluble drugs is a challenge in the formulation of newly developed drugs. Because many medications are administered orally
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Health effects of tobacco From Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia Part of a series on Tobacco HISTORY History of tobacco BIOLOGY Nicotiana (Nicotiana tabacum) Nicotine Tobacco diseases Types of tobacco SOCIAL IMPACT Health effects Prevalence of consumption Tobacco advertising Tobacco and art Tobacco and other drugs Tobacco control Tobacco politics Tobacco smoking Tobacconist PRODUCTION Cultivation of tobacco Curing of tobacco Tobacco industry Tobacco products v t
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In today’s society‚ sport is something that is reported on a minute-to-minute basis‚ with full coverage of the latest sporting events at all times. As sports have become an even more central part of the world‚ the science behind every aspect of a sport is looked at under an intense microscope as advancements are made everyday to make sports safer‚ cheaper‚ and an overall better experience for everyone involved. The playing surfaces used by athletes have become an even greater interest in recent years
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plant and animal matter to be put to use by microorganisms. Some microorganisms have a naturally occurring‚ microbial catabolic diversity to degrade‚ transform or accumulate a huge range of compounds including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil)‚ polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)‚ polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)‚ pharmaceutical substances‚ radionuclides and metals. Major methodological breakthroughs in microbial biodegradation have enabled detailed genomic‚ metagenomic‚ proteomic‚ bio-informatic and other high-throughput
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dalimss EV.S PROJECT Disease caused by the Environmental exposure MADE BY- [Type the author name] [Year] Environmental Diseases In epidemiology‚ environmental disease is disease caused by environmental factors that are not transmitted genetically or by infection. Apart from the true monogenic genetic disorders‚ environmental diseases may determine the development of disease in those genetically predisposed to a particular condition. Stress‚ physical and mental abuse‚ diet‚ exposure
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Biotechnology In environment Clean up Process - APPSC G1 Mains - Paper 4 - Section 2 - Unit 3 The term "Environment" is defined as our surroundings which includes the abiotic component (the non living) and biotic component (the living) around us. The abiotic environment includes water‚ air and soil while the biotic environment consists of all living organisms – plants‚ animals and microorganisms. Environmental pollution broadly refers to the presence of undesirable substances in the environment
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Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity. Organic Chemstry Laboratory Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity Introduction The concepts of stability and reactivity are fundamental to understanding chemistry. In this chapter we consider first the thermodynamic definition of chemical stability. We then consider chemical kinetics (Section 3.2) and how it can provide information about reactivity. We also explore how structure influences stability and reactivity. We want to learn how
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