Kohat-Potwar Oil and Gas Exploration and Production The first oil well drilled in present-day Pakistan was at Kundal on the Potwar Plateau in 1866. The first commercial oil discovery was made in the Greater Indus Basin in 1914 when the Attock Oil Company completed a 214 ft well on a thrust-faulted anticline near Khaur on the Potwar Plateau (Khan and others‚ 1986). Early success in the Kohat-Potwar geologic province served to focus much of the early exploration activity in that area. The Sui
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product composed of hydrocarbon deposits. It is a fossil fuel‚ meaning that it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals. Crude oils vary in color‚ from clear to tar-black‚ and in viscosity‚ from water to almost solid. Crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as gasoline‚ diesel and various forms of petrochemicals and as such‚ are a useful starting point for many different substances. Crude oil is also a naturally occurring hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain
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source‚ rendering the contaminants harmless or less toxic products in most cases. This paper summarizes the general processes of bioremediation within the soil environment‚ focusing on biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The effect of soil conditions on rate of biodegradation of hydrocarbons is addressed. Further‚ limitations and potential of both ex situ and in situ bioremediation as viable alternatives to conventional remediation are explained and addressed. Many substances known to have toxic
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Retrieved from http://www.tutornext.com/scope-organic-chemistry/ 14431 StasoSphere. (2007-2009). Organic Acids. Retrieved from http://chestofbooks.com/health/natural-cure/the-Hygienic-System-Orthotrophy/Chapter-VIII-Organic-Acids.html UnSaturated Hydrocarbon Information and Discussion
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peptide bonds to occur. The second set of tests are the “Specific Tests”‚this involves carrying out three separate tests. The first being the “(3)Test for Aromatic Amino Acids” which is used to differentiate between aromatic and non aromatic amino acids. In theory what should happen is that the nitric acid and ammonia react with the aromatic ring and gives a coloured salt compound. When Nitric acid is heated with a protein like tyrosine it gives off a yellow colour ‚or tryptophan and orange colour
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Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture J Sci Food Agric 87:2757–2762 (2007) Review Quality of plant products from organic agriculture Ewa Rembiałkowska∗ Organic Foodstuffs Division‚ Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences‚ Warsaw Agricultural University‚ Nowoursynowska 159 C‚ PL-02 776 Warszawa‚ Poland Abstract: During the last decade‚ consumers’ trust in food quality has decreased drastically‚ mainly because of growing ecological awareness and several food scandals (e
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Engineering Lecture : Mr: E Thorpe Title : Combustion The term complete combustion generally is used in connection with the burning of hydrocarbons. Combustion is the process of burning that occurs when fuel‚ oxygen‚ and heat are simultaneously present. The result of complete combustion is the release of energy‚ carbon dioxide‚ and water vapor. If the hydrocarbon contains sulfur‚ sulfur dioxide also will be present. On the flip side‚ incomplete combustion results in some of the carbon atoms combining
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Cyclohexane is a saturated hydrocarbon and cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon due to the presence of double bond.Both hydrocarbons produce carbon dioxide and water during combustion test. When the oxygen is limited‚ the product will be carbon monoxide and water. The alkenes are highly flammable and burn readily in air‚ forming carbon dioxide and water. In this experiment‚ the combustion of cyclohexene burns in an orange flame and produces relatively high amount of black soot. The black soot
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Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize methyl nitrobenzoate from methyl benzoate‚ concentrated HNO3‚ and concentrated H2SO4 via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Reaction Procedures/ Observations Use a 50 ml beaker to cool about 6 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid in an ice water bath. Weigh the vial containing about 3 grams of methyl benzoate and add it to the cooled sulfuric acid. Next pour about 2 ml of sulfuric acid to the nitric acid in the vial
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Pollution Air Pollution (Endangered Global Commons) Natural Air Pollutants Volcanoes sulfur oxides‚ particulates Forest Fires Carbon monoxides‚ carbon dioxide‚ Nitrogen oxides‚ particulates Wind storms Dust Living Plants Hydrocarbons‚ pollen Decaying plants Methane‚ hydrogen sulfide Sea Salt particulates Major Air Pollutants Carbon Monoxide From transportation Causes headache‚ dizziness‚ decreased tolerance to exercise Sulfur oxides Coal fired
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